THE HERALD
of Christ's Kingdom
January-February 1994
Table of Contents
Editors' Journal
Introducing the theme of "What Would God Have Me To Do?"
First Things First
Establishing Christian priorities
Temple Builders
Christian responsibilities in the church environment
Love and Marriage
Marital privileges and responsibilities
Train Up a
Child in the Way He Should Go
The duties of a Christian parent
Of Slaves and
Masters--Part 1
The Christian in the work place
Of Slaves and
Masters--Part 2
Another author on the same subject
Stewardship
Principles in responsible financial management
Our Heavenly Citizenship
A historical perspective on responsibilities to civil government
Spiritual Sicknesses
Maintaining a healthy spiritual life
The Question Box
Determining the will of God in our lives
News and Views
News items from around the world of interest to
Christians
Book Review
Satan, the Early Christian Tradition by Jeffrey Burton Russell
Which Mountain Will You
Move?
A devotional on mountain-moving faith
Editors' Journal
Lord, what wilt thou have me to do?
-- Acts 9:6
Once again we arrive at the beginning
of another year with a call for retrospection and introspection. Appropriately enough this
season betokens a time for resolutions to improve our lives. Unfortunately it also
conjures up memories of resolutions broken from prior years. This observation, however,
provides no excuse not to fail to make our resolves for the coming year: A just man falleth seven times and riseth up again (Prov.
24:16).
In this issue of the HERALD the focus
is on our theme text from Acts 9:6: Lord, What wilt
thou have me to do?
When the Apostle Paul asked this
question he was at the turning point of his career. He had just seen a vision. He had come
face to face with the one he had been persecuting-Jesus of Nazareth-as of one born out of due time (1 Cor. 15:8).
His life changed. The persecutor became
one of the persecuted. The Pharisee became one of the disciples of the man he had
considered the arch apostate. It is little wonder that he spent three years in Arabia
(Gal. 1:17, 18) to fully settle what the Lord would have him to
do.
When he returned he soon became as
active in the cause of the Nazarene as he had been in persecuting it. The zeal that had
driven him to hunt out the Christians now drove him to seek new converts to the new
religion.
No individual, other than Jesus
himself, has left as deep an impact on the age to come as the Apostle Paul. His was the
commission to the gentiles. His mission provided the bulk of the writing for the New
Testament. His was the work of organizing the Christian church throughout much of the
far-flung Roman Empire.
What Are We To
Do?
Paul's question is also ours. Each
year, yes, each day, we constantly evaluate the will of God for us in our continuing walk.
And this is a profitable area of study. Lord, what
wilt thou have me to do?
Articles in the following pages deal
with areas of Christian responsibility in the various fields of life.
"First Things First" deals
appropriately enough with the primary area of our responsibility-our obligation to the
Lord. Having taken on a commitment in our lives to serve him, what does he expect in our
discipleship?
"Temple Builders" probes
another area of the Christian's life, his relationship with other believers in church or
ecclesia arrangements. From the very onset of Christianity, meeting together formed the
focal point of the Christian's spiritual life. What are the responsibilities within the
Christian community?
None of us make a more solemn
commitment, after our covenant with God in the vows of consecration, than that of
marriage. "Love and Marriage" view the responsibilities of this estate as a
training ground for a still future marriage, which the members of the church look forward
to-with their heavenly bridegroom.
As one thing leads to another, so
frequently marriage leads to the joys and responsibilities of parenting. The challenges of
properly rearing children in the nurture and admonition of the Lord (Eph. 6:4) is another
daunting task. Its reward is well expressed by the beloved apostle, I have no greater joy than to hear my children walk in
truth (3 John 4). "Train Up A Child in the Way He Should Go" examines this
subject.
Another area of life which demands a
large amount of time for most Christians is the workplace. In a two-part series, "Of
Slaves and Masters," the authors examine the obligations of both employers and
employees.
The natural reward of labor in the
workplace is financial remuneration. Proper management over one's funds presents its own
share of difficulties. Many of these challenges are treated in the article on
"Stewardship."
The final article in the series,
"Our Heavenly Citizenship," is a treatise on civic responsibility and how the
Christian relates to government.
The Echoes from the Past feature is a condensation of a
discourse by the late A. L. Muir: "Spiritual Sicknesess."
The
Question Box looks at a related query, How can
we know the will of God in our lives?
We are omitting our regularly featured
verse-by-verse Bible study from this issue because of lack of space, but will continue
this series in the next issue.
Our wish for each of you in 1994 and
the future is that each year may bring you closer and closer into the likeness of your
Lord and Master as we each seek to fulfill our responsibilities as mature Christians,
reflecting the life of our Master to the world around us.
First Things First
"Hear, O
Israel: The LORD our God is one LORD: and thou shalt love the LORD thy God with all thy
heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy might. And these words, which I command
thee this day, shall be upon thy heart, and thou shalt teach them diligently unto thy
children, and shalt talk of them when thou sittest in thy house, and when thou walkest by
the way, and when thou liest down, and when thou risest up." -- Deut. 6:4-7.
By James Parkinson
Our life responsibility is to our God.
Scholars reconstruct the past, and experts confidently give conflicting predictions for
the future. But only God was there when it all happened, and only God can bring about the
future that he has promised. We must be decisive. Elijah stated the matter clearly: If the LORD be God, follow him; but if Baal, then follow
him (1 Kings 18:21).
Where is Baal today? Who professes to
worship him now? But even today the LORD GOD of Israel is at the helm and steering a
determined course. Each of us should wholeheartedly answer, as did Joshua, Choose you this day whom ye will serve; whether the
gods which your fathers served that were beyond the River [Euphrates], or the gods of the Amorites, in whose land ye dwell:
but as for me, and my house, we will serve the LORD (Josh. 24:15).
Worthy is the Lord
God the Father was the architect, and
his Son the craftsman, in the creation of all life and the planet on which we stand. To us
there is one God, the Father, of whom are all
things, and we unto him; and one Lord, Jesus Christ, through whom are all things, and we
through him (1Cor. 8:6).
Worthy
art thou, our Lord and our God, to receive the glory and the honor and the power: for thou
didst create all things, and because of thy will they are, and were created.-Revelation
4:11
God gave His only begotten Son, Jesus
Christ, that every man might have one full and complete opportunity to learn righteousness
and to do righteously forever. As through one
trespass condemnation cometh unto all men; even
so through one act of righteousness justification of life cometh unto all men. For as through the one man's disobedience
the many were made sinners, even so through the obedience of the one shall the many be
made righteous (Rom. 5:18-19).
Worthy
art thou . . . for thou wast slain, and didst
purchase unto God with thy blood men of every
tribe, and tongue, and people, and nation, and madest them to be unto our God a kingdom and priests; and they shall
reign upon the earth.-Revelation 5:9-10
Christ with his bride, the church, will
raise all the dead and reform them, fulfilling God's sworn promise, In thy seed shall all the nations of the earth be
blessed (Gen. 22:18).
Worthy
is the Lamb that bath been slain to receive the power, and riches, and wisdom, and might,
and honor, and glory, and blessing.-Revelation 5:12
After the thousand-year Kingdom of
Christ, and the little season of the world's final examination, God will forever head up
all things in Christ, the things in the heavens, and
the things upon the earth (Eph 1:10). The experience with Satan, sin, sickness, and
with death will ultimately bring health everlasting to all the families of the earth (Ps.
74:14).
Unto
him that sitteth on the throne, and unto the Lamb, be the blessing, and the honor, and the glory, and the
dominion, for ever and ever.-Revelation 5:13
Our Responsibility
We must learn both what our Lord does
for us and what our own undone condition is. The more conscious we are of our own
shortcomings, the more we see our need for Christ.
We have nothing of which to be proud.
We brought nothing into this world, and we have nothing of our own. We owe everything to
our Lord-even ourselves. Ye are not your own; for ye
were bought with a price: glorify God in your body (1 Cor. 6:19-20).
How can we glorify God? How can we show
him our devotion?
Consider how a wise young man can know
what kind of wife an attractive young lady would be for him. When he sees how she treats
others before they are married, he will have a good idea of how she will treat him after
they are married. (Similarly, can a wise young lady look ahead.) In like manner, Jesus
Christ watches his prospective bride: he watches to see how we treat others.
As
we have opportunity, let us work that which is good toward all men, and especially toward
them that are of the household of faith (those who are on trial for life now).-Galatians 6:10
It is tempting to put on a good face
toward those we see only occasionally. But it is a better measure of the heart how we
treat those whom we see continually.
If
a man say, I love God, and hateth his brother he is a liar: for he that loveth not his
brother whom he hath seen, cannot love God whom he hath not seen. - John 4:20
A similar standard will apply in the
thousand-year Kingdom of Christ, Inasmuch as ye did
it unto one of these my brethren, even these
least, ye did it unto me (Matt. 25:40).
We are sinful. To bring glory to the
Lord we must do our utmost to overcome sin.
Shall
we sin, because we are not under law, but under grace? Be it not so. Know ye not that to
whom ye present yourselves as servants unto obedience, his servants ye are whom ye obey;
whether of sin unto death, or of obedience unto righteousness? - Romans 6:15-16
And again, Give no occasion of stumbling in anything, that our
ministration be not blamed (2 Cor. 6:3).
We are to be cheerfully zealous
Quotations from ASV (1901) translation; to honor the name of our heavenly modified where
required by the Greek text.
Father and of his son Jesus Christ. In
case of conflict with anyone and anything else, above all we must not deny our Lord.
However, this in no way excuses us from our responsibilities towards others: spouse,
father and mother, children, providing things honorable in the sight of all men, and those
with whom we meet in the ecclesias of Christ. We must not excuse ourselves by saying, I
cannot help you, because I have devoted all my available substance to God (Mark 7:11).
Both the Mosaic Law arid Jesus Christ affirm that our responsibilities to those we have
seen are essential to fulfilling our responsibilities to our Lord whom we have yet to see
(Exod. 20:12, Mark 7:8-I3).
Christ himself being the chief corner stone; In whom
all the building fitly framed together groweth unto an holy temple in the Lord.
--Ephesians 2:20, 21
The word "ecclesia" is
commonly used to refer to a regular gathering of individuals who desire to study the
scriptures. No commitment of membership is required and no attendance is taken. The origin
of this word comes from the Greek ekklesia (literally,
those called out and is translated as
"church" or "assembly." The meaning refers to a meeting especially a
religious congregation. Therefore, "ecclesia" is an assembly or congregation of
God's people in the same context as the church or ekklesia
at Ephesus. As the theme text suggests, Jesus Christ is the foundation of the true
church of God and all members conform to his example and instruction. Ephesians 5:23 says
that Christ is the head of the church. All ecclesias of God's people have Christ as the
common head and are bonded in love.
The Ecclesia
Jesus promised: Where two or
three are gathered together in my name, there am I in the midst of them (Matt. 18:20).
Certainly this is an encouragement to meet together with those of like faith and to
organize "ecclesias." In recognizing his presence at such gatherings or
meetings, the utmost care is taken to honor his presence with proper conduct and spiritual
focus. Being with fellow brethren is a privilege and an opportunity to please our Lord by
leaving worldly concerns and distractions behind. Gathering together provides an
opportunity for spiritual refreshing and reconfirmation of Christian focus. Truly the
church class is as strangers and pilgrims on this earth and the ecclesia is a temporary
oasis of spiritual refreshment while waiting for a heavenly country. (See Heb. 11:13,14.)
Each member has a responsibility to
embrace the privilege of an ecclesia arrangement and must recognize that each member has
an effect on the overall spirit of the class. As the holy spirit develops the fruits of
the spirit in individuals, so these same fruits of the spirit are reflected in the
collective members of an assembly of God's chosen people.
Personal Growth
Personal spiritual development is
uniquely interwoven with ecclesia experiences. Attending studies, participating in
choosing leaders, supporting class activities, and serving in various ways stimulates
Christian growth. Interrelating with the trials and joys of other members, making
brethren's needs a sincere concern and an important part of daily prayer is vital for
Christian development.
For
this cause we also, since the day we heard it, do not cease to pray for you, and to desire
that ye might be filled with the knowledge of his will in all wisdom and spiritual
understanding. -Colossians 1:9
Confess
your faults one to another, and pray one for another, that ye may be healed. The effectual
fervent prayer of a righteous man availeth much.-James 5:16
The Loss Of Self
Intimacy with fellow brethren increases
when self is removed and the true focal point is on the spiritual well being of a brother
or sister because they have been made meet to be partakers of the inheritance of the
saints in light (Col. 1:12).
The Apostle Peter reminds us to love
the brotherhood (1 Peter 2:17) and this concept carries with it the insistence to be
attuned to others needs to the degree that self becomes not only unimportant, but actually
non-existent in sacrifice and preference for fellow members of the body. By not forsaking
the assembling of ourselves together (Heb. 10:25) and actively participating as a member
of such an arrangement proves a sincere appreciation for the privilege of meeting
together. We should speak the truth in love, setting as our goal to grow into
Christlikeness, being kind and forgiving. (See Eph. 4:15, 16, 32.)
Individual Maturity
Truly, the free grace received from God
and the privilege of the high calling has a humbling effect. Sincere concern for the
spiritual well being of others and a determination to encourage them to be faithful to
their calling reflects the maturity of the new creature; the selfish desires of the old
man are replaced by true Christian love.
Thou
shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy
mind. Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself.-Matthew 22:37, 39
Provoking Others
Paul encouraged
the Hebrews to draw near with a true heart in full assurance of faith, having their hearts
sprinkled from an evil conscience, and their bodies washed with pure water (Heb. 10:22).
Upon achieving this condition the consecrated member is in a position to consider others
and to provoke unto love and good works (Heb. 10:24). A commitment to fellow brethren is
required in order to assist them in their Christian walk.
Indeed, we are our brother's keeper
(Gen. 4:9). By "keeping" our brother we guard him, protect him, and attend to
his needs. Listening, caring, and sharing in daily experiences in a nonjudgmental fashion
and with an attitude of brotherly love is not only a privilege, but a responsibility to
each ecclesia member.
We
know that we have passed from death unto life, because we love the brethren. He that
loveth not his brother abideth in death. Hereby perceive we the love of God, because he laid down his life for us: and we ought to
lay down our lives for the brethren.- 1 John 3:14, 16
Class Affairs
The new creature strongly desires to do
all things pleasing in God's sight. (1 John 3:22) He is sensitive and conscientious in
behavior and attitude when dealing with class affairs. When the new creature is watching
and praying for personal guidance within his own life and concentrated on obedience to
God's law of love, spiritual maturity naturally turns outward and overflows into the lives
of others. Through faithfulness and trust in God's promised grace, the fruits of the
spirit have a fertile heart in which to develop and flourish. Feature each member
contributing his "fruits of the spirit" in an ecclesia setting. The atmosphere
is filled with the holy spirit and an awareness of God's presence. Unity of the spirit
prevails and selfish desires are totally absent.
Fulfill
ye my joy, that ye be likeminded, having the same love, being of one accord, of one mind.
Let nothing be done through strife or vainglory; but in lowliness of mind let each esteem
other better than themselves. Look not every man on his own things, but every man also on
the things of others. Let this mind be in you, which was also in Christ Jesus.-Philippians
2:2-5
Serving One Another
Love for the brethren reflects love for
the Lord. Inasmuch as ye have done it unto one of
the least of these my brethren, ye have done it unto me (Matt.25:40). The assembling
of brethren together provides a wonderful opportunity to serve one another and to provide
spiritual gifts for one another. Encouraging, forgiving, and praying for brethren are
means of truly supplying them with a "drink of water," lifting them up and
refreshing them. Let us be cheerful, zealous and generous in giving spiritual gifts.
He
which soweth sparingly shall reap also sparingly; and he which soweth bountifully shall
reap also bountifully. Every man according as he purposeth in his heart, so let him give;
not grudgingly, or of necessity: for God loveth a cheerful giver. - 2 Corinthians 9:6, 7
And
whosoever shall give to drink unto one of these little ones a cup of cold water only in
the name of a disciple, verily 1 say unto you, he shall in no wise lose his
reward.-Matthew 10:42
Ecclesia Maturity
The Christian maturity of each ecclesia
will vary depending on the maturity of the individual members. But, Christ is the ultimate
goal both individually and collectively; and with the power of the holy Spirit the fruits
of the spirit are manifested-love, joy, peace, longsuffering, gentleness, goodness, faith,
meekness, and temperance (See Gal. 5:22). In recognizing the influence of the individual's
role in the ecclesia, each member endeavors to keep the unity of the spirit in the bond of
peace (Eph. 4:3). Following in the footsteps of Jesus, all strive to keep the law of love
and dwell together in unity (Psa. 133:1).
Blest be the tie that binds
Our hearts in Christian love;
The
fellowship of kindred minds
Is
like to that above.
The Example At Antioch
As an example of an ecclesia organized
under the teachings of the apostles, the following verses describe and reflect the
Christian character of the brethren at Antioch:
Who,
when he [Barnabas] came, and had seen the grace
of God, was glad, and exhorted them all, that with purpose of heart they would cleave unto
the Lord. For he was a good man, and full of the Holy Spirit and of faith: and much people
was added unto the Lord. And it came to pass that a whole year they assembled themselves
with the church, and taught much people. And the disciples were called Christians first in
Antioch.-Acts 11:22-26
Barnabas recognized the grace of God
manifested in the believers at Antioch revealed by their faith and conduct. The cleansing
and sanctifying power of the truth amongst these believers was quickly discerned, and
Barnabas "was glad" for them.
This is a beautiful example of
Christian development in a young assembly of brethren. They met together and studied the
scriptures diligently. They were sensitive to the needs of their fellow brethren and were
organized in such a fashion that agreement and action could be taken jointly. Their spirit
of sweet sacrifice both spiritually and monetarily reflected in their decision to send aid
to the church in Judæa. They chose their leaders after much prayer and fasting and
trusted according to God's will. The result of their obedience permitted them to serve the
Lord by providing for his little ones. The example of the Christians at. Antioch continues
to serve as a stimulant to good works for the church class today (Acts 11:27-30).
Let
us consider one another to provoke unto love and to good works: Not forsaking the
assembling of ourselves together, as the manner of some is; but exhorting one another: and
so much the more, as ye see the day approaching.-Hebrews 10:24, 25
Ecclesia Elections
Following the example of the early
churches, each ecclesia has the privilege and responsibility to elect leaders by
stretching out the hand. (2 Cor. 8:19; Titus 1:3)
Among the brethren are usually found
those who have leadership qualities either as an elder or deacon. They are humbly devoted
and obedient to the Lord, and they are self sacrificing. Their knowledge and understanding
of the scriptures is doctrinally sound, and they have a sincere desire to serve their
fellow brethren. Each should be totally willing to either be elected or not.
In electing servants of the class a
serious responsibility falls upon each consecrated member. All candidates for office
should be prayerfully considered, leaning upon the Lord's spirit of love and wisdom to
make a final decision.
Once elders, deacons, and other
assigned roles are determined, the responsibility does not end. It is more important to
continue praying and fasting in support of the leaders. Preparing and participating in
studies and other meetings, cooperating in activities, and assisting when possible,
strengthens the class and permits the leaders to fulfill their responsibilities to the
flock. Each member has an opportunity to be a blessing by contributing to the spiritual
nourishment of all.
Liberty
As the new creature progresses in his
Christian walk, he recognizes his failures, weaknesses, and imperfections. An appreciation
is developed for the heavenly Father's mercy and patience and the provision of the robe of
righteousness to cover fleshly weaknesses. In the humbleness of this reality, liberty for
fellow brethren is achieved.
Each individual called is entitled to a
personal walk with Christ. The necessary experiences to make his calling and election sure
are unique. No one can fully understand the personal trials and experiences of others, and
only God knows their needs. Therefore, liberty and mercy toward fellow members must
prevail!
For
the Lord is that Spirit: and where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is liberty.-2
Corinthians 3:17
Brethren,
let every man, wherein he is called, therein abide with God.-1 Corinthians 7:24
For
the body is not one member, but many .... But now hath God set the members every one of
them in the body, as it hath pleased him. There should be no schism in the body; but that
the members should have the same care one for another. And whether one member suffereth,
all the members suffer with it; or one member be honored, all the members rejoice with
it.1 Corinthians 12:14, 18, 25, 26
Be
ye kindly affectioned one to another with brotherly love; in honor preferring one another.
Romans 12:10
Conventions
Each ecclesia is recognized as
Christians bonded together in the faith, and each in turn is bonded to other ecclesias of
like faith. Thus, as the theme text indicates, each
class is "fitly framed
together," growing unto the same holy temple. Consecrated Christians gather in
various ecclesias around the world. Continuing to this day is the blessing of uniting with
members from other ecclesias in a convention setting to share the depth and beauty of the
riches of God's plan and to participate in an even greater realization of the bond of love
in one body, one faith. Praise the Lord!
In
all lowliness and meekness, with longsuffering, forbearing one another in love;
endeavoring to keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace. There is one body, and
one Spirit, even as ye are called in one hope of your calling.-Ephesians 4:2-4
Therefore
shall a man leave his father and his mother, and shall cleave unto his wife: and they
shall be one flesh.-Genesis 2:24
By Brad Bach
The Gospel age is essentially for one
basic purpose, the choosing of a bride by the heavenly Father for his Son. We all long for
the marriage of the bride and the Lamb (Rev. 19:7), so that the children of the kingdom
may begin to be brought forth-the same children that were born of the first Adam and the
first Eve. These-born in sin and shapen in
iniquity-will, under the second Adam and the second Eve, be nurtured through the
kingdom to gain eternal life. Seeing then that we are all striving to this position we
should be giving a great deal of thought to what constitutes a desirable spouse for
Christ. If we can perform these duties faithfully here in an earthly marriage, this will
demonstrate our future performance when joined to our heavenly bridegroom.
Marriage, like all the concerns of a
Christian life, is to be guided by God's principles. These principles we find in abundant
supply in the scriptures. We should not expect to find a law of specific rules governing
married life, a "do this and don't do that" structure, nor for any of life's
affairs. Following a set of rules and regulations is not the Lord's purpose for the
church. Rather, he desires us to learn scriptural principles as a basis for decisions and
sound behavior. These principles can then be applied both to marriage and to various other
situations.
Many of the issues in marriage are
common to all the issues of life with which we have dealings as a Christian. The same
principles apply. The main difference is that we spend so much time with our spouse that
the influence we exert upon one another is far greater than in any other relationship.
Aquila and Priscilla
Consider the principle found in 1
Timothy 4:12 as it applies to our married life: Be thou an example
of the believers, in word, in conversation, in charity, in spirit, in faith, in
purity. Marriage means a responsibility regarding our example and how we influence for
good or for evil the one to whom we have been joined. This fact is illustrated in
scripture in the case of Aquila and Priscilla, who are mentioned in five separate
occasions by the Apostle Paul, and always as husband and wife. What a great influence to
zeal they must have had upon each other in the service of the Lord, to be about the
Father's business-exhibiting a willingness to serve and encouraging each other to lay down
their lives in the Lord's service. As with Aquila and Priscilla, we now are proving where
our true affections lie and what kind of marriage partner we will be for the Lord Jesus in
the kingdom. The Apostle Paul must have had a special place in his heart for this husband
and wife team. Observing how they worked together must have made him think of the unified
effort of Jesus and the church. Thus, he often mentions them in his epistle greetings.
Ananias and Sapphira
On the other hand, note Ananias and
Sapphira. This husband and wife team conspired together to lie to God and to the church
about their assets, which they claimed were all being given to the communal purse.
But
Peter said, Ananias, why hast Satan filled thine heart to lie to the Holy Spirit, and to
keep back part of the price of the land? While
it remained was it not thine own? and after it was sold, was it not in thine own power?
why hast thou conceived this thing? thou hast not lied unto men, but unto God . . . . And
Peter answered unto her [Sapphira], tell me
whether ye sold the land for so much? And she said, Yea, for so much. Then Peter said unto
her, How is it that ye have agreed together to tempt the .spirit of the Lord? behold, the
feet of them which have buried thy husband are at the door, and shall carry thee out. Acts
5:3, 8
How much influence did these two have
upon each other? We can well imagine that they had some lengthy discussions about the
moral integrity of the choice before them. While one may have had a greater influence on
the decision reached, both were in agreement in the end. Whether by themselves or with
another spouse their decisions may have been different, we cannot know; but in any case
they reached a mutual decision and thereby showed themselves unfit to be considered by the
Lord as a bride for himself. They showed a mind willing to deceive, a mind untrustworthy,
unbelieving, uncertain. As James states it, a
double-minded man is unstable in all his ways (James 1:8). These are qualities a wise
bridegroom would not seek in his bride. Compared to the glowing legacy of Aquila and
Priscilla, Ananias and Sapphira influenced each other to a legacy of destruction. Quite a
contrast! Each of us must keep in mind that how we influence our spouse and those around
us is a serious matter and may well affect our eternal destiny.
Unequally Yoked
Many in the early church were already
married when the gospel was first preached to them and may not have found their spouses
sympathetic. This occasioned the Apostle Paul to write specifically on this matter in 1
Corinthians 7. These thoughts can well be coupled with the principle in 2 Corinthians 6:14-be ye not unequally yoked together with
unbelievers. To marry outside of the Lord's people is to court spiritual disaster.
Even those who do follow the Lord's
counsel should not conclude that they will be the perfect spouse, nor should perfection be
expected of their mate. We are still in the flesh. The Apostle Paul knew that our
imperfections would be a source of friction in married life. With a subtle touch of humor,
he states in 1 Corinthians 7:28: if thou marry, thou
hast not sinned, . . . nevertheless such shall have trouble in the flesh; but I would
spare you.
Covering up Weaknesses
It is wise counsel that one should try
to "cover up his weaknesses" so as not to be a hindrance in one's marriage.
Married life is excellent practice for gaining control of the flesh and bringing our
thoughts into subjection. In marriage the opportunities for self discipline and seeking
not our own come at frequent and rapid intervals, giving the chance to truly inscribe
these desired traits into one's character. Being conscious of our own imperfections should
help us to allow love to cover the weaknesses and imperfections of our partner. In this
vein Paul says, and those members of the body
which we think to be less honorable, upon these we bestow more abundant honor; and our
uncomely parts have more abundant comeliness (1 Cor. 12:23).
Love
suffereth long (1 Cor. 13:4). This has the meaning of forbearance. It puts up with
flaws and seeks to be constructive. Love fervently,
for love veils a multitude of faults (1 Peter 4:8, Weymouth). We imagine that this was
the attitude of both Aquila and Priscilla. There simply must have been a willingness to
extend patience and mercy to each other in order to have their marriage and work together
in the Lord's service. In exhibiting this behavior we demonstrate once again that we have
a heart and character that is compatible with Jesus. Who is more patient and enduring than
our Lord? If he has shown this merciful attitude toward us, shall he not expect his future
bride to be of the same disposition.
Love
is kind (1 Cor. 13:4). This Christian principle is a key element in a good marriage.
Ask yourself how easy or how hard it is to find a compliment for your spouse. We all
desire that our spouse be kind. Certainly the Lord shows his kindness toward us daily. He
even shows kindness to the unthankful and estranged, how much more to those that are his
begotten. How easy or how hard is it to point out a fault that would belittle our spouse?
A tactful, occasional mention of an area for improvement should be tolerated (as the Lord
shows us our faults), but a harsh statement is unkind and will serve to tear down a
spouse's self-esteem and the marriage as well. How would we feel as a Christian if the
Lord smote us each time we did something less than perfect? But he does not. He tells us
that though we may need to be forgiven seventy times seven, yet he will never leave us nor
forsake us. Let your spouse know that you accept and love them as they are but your hope
is that, by and by, you both can grow together in the Lord. We can imagine many
discussions, filled with tender, upbuilding, complimentary, kind words spoken between
Aquila and Priscilla, but few unkind words. The bride of Christ is loving and kind.
Speak No Evil
Another responsibility in marriage is
found in Titus 3:2, Speak evil of no man. How
important this principle is in marriage. A great deal of our character testing takes place
within the family circle. Here, we "let our hair down." Here, that "that
little member"-the tongue-can rear up. Every husband and wife knows that there can be
a temptation to talk about others. This is because of the high level of acceptance of each
other and a consequent feeling of ease in conversation. It should be a lesson early
learned, however, that this type of conversation is misplaced confidentiality; the Lord is
hearing every word spoken (Matt. 12:36). Think of your marriage to the Lamb of God. Will
he desire a wife that speaks evil of others? No! His bride shall stand and speak in the
light. Do not let your marriage become a sanctuary for speaking evil and getting away with
it. Rather, resolve to be an example to your spouse and thereby earn their respect in
Christ. We feel certain that Jesus will have a bride in whose mouth is found no guile.
Arguments
In 1 Corinthians 7:28, Paul saw that
marriage occasionally brings trouble in the flesh, which he would like to spare us.
Arguments are one of these troubles. If any have a
quarrel against any, even as Christ forgave you, so also do ye (Col. 3:13). In
marriage an occasional argument will occur. This is not surprising. Having to deal with
many hard decisions and trying moments causes pressure. The point to be made however is
that we should be quick to make up. Daily reconciliation is the scriptural prescription. Let not the sun go down upon your wrath (Eph.
4:26). We need to remember how frequently the Lord has forgiven us and how quickly he
brings us back into his loving arms. What a wonderful bridegroom he is! If a quarrel has
occurred and your spouse comes to you, make it easy for them to do so. Do not make them go
through a great penitence performance while you reluctantly look on. Forgiveness as an
abiding attitude in our heart before it is even sought after is necessary. An appreciation
of our Lord's readiness to forgive us should be reflected in our readiness to forgive and
embrace our spouse (Eph. 4:26).
Order
An absolute feature of God's character
to consider in marriage is order.
But
I would have you know that the head of every man is Christ; and the head of woman is the
man; and the head of Christ is God.-1 Corinthians 11:3
The Apostle Paul has couched this
marital information within a much broader theme of God's order. This emphasizes that
"order" in marriage is not a singular consideration but rather part of a
cohesive structure that stabilizes all his creation (Eph. 5:22-33). We know that with the
change of dispensations the -world is advocating arrangements different from those the
Lord designed for the development of the church-women's rights, women's equality, even
women in the role of priests and pastors. The influence of the world in our day strives
against the headship of the man. Therefore it poses a threat to the contented Christian
home. Marriage can be looked on as a partnership, but the husband is the senior partner.
While it may be true that senior partners do not always make the best choices in the best
way, the Christian responsibility in marriage is for the husband to do his very best and
thereby to earn and hold the respect of his wife. The husband should honor his wife and
consider her wishes as he seeks to live up to his responsibilities (1 Peter 3:7).
The position of the wife must be as a
solid helpmate to the husband's position as head. There should not be a struggle for power
and control of the family. It may at times, because of the husband's lack of ability and
the wife's greater ability in certain matters, seem
wise to alter this order. However our wisdom should be quick to relinquish to the
higher wisdom of God. When we step out on our own wisdom, departing from God's ways, there
is a likelihood of unpleasant results.
Child Raising
God carefully selects the bride of
Christ. He chooses one that will be compatible to the heavenly Bridegroom and be his
helpmate in the raising up of his resurrected children in the kingdom. Having the capacity
to guide children well is a trait of a mature Christian (1 Tim. 3:4).
In choosing your spouse and in your
spouse choosing you, each gave the other one of the highest compliments they could
possibly give. In effect, each said that they saw in each other something so desirable
that, of all other people, this was the one person with whom they wanted to spend the rest
of their life and with whom they wanted to raise their children. This is a goal for each
of us to try to live up to-the beauty that first attracted us to the other as a marriage
partner.
Although a cliché, it is nevertheless
true that good marriages have to be worked at. You have to think about them. Daily and
hourly consideration has to be given as to what effect your attitude and words and actions
are having on your spouse. As with the development of the individual Christian, so with
the Christian couple, it is the little every day things which make the relationship
strong. Be positive. Look for the good qualities in your spouse and be quick to mention
the things you appreciate about them. It is necessary that Christian marriage partners
help each other to a good positive self esteem. To do so will encourage growth, both
within the marriage and in the Lord.
Finally, Christian responsibility in
marriage means to let your light so shine before men that they may see your good works,
and glorify your Father which is in heaven (Matt. 5:16). How we handle our marriage
responsibilities and how we treat our partner will not go unnoticed by the world around
us. Since it is a living testimony, it is one of the most powerful ways to let the
sanctifying effect of the truth bring glory to our wonderful heavenly Father. The world is
in a state of turmoil with only solid marriages and families surviving the test.
Those whose marriages are healthy give
evidence that they are led by the holy Spirit of God. May God bless all that are so joined
together in him to this very end, so that all may be to his honor and glory.
Choose you this day
whom ye will serve . . . but as for me and my house,
we will serve the LORD. -- Joshua 24:15
This is our goal -- to have our house, our family, love and serve
the LORD. Toward that end, we hunger and thirst for every bit of help we can get. This
article considers some suggestions given by a Bible Student educator of our fellowship.
As parents, or as friends who want to support the parent in his
earnest endeavors to fulfill this proverb, how can we best train a child ?
The word "train" (Strong's
#2596) means to initiate, discipline, catechize, or instruct as to correct manners and
habits. Does this list overwhelm us or seem impossible to obtain in today's society? We
are not "of the world," but we and our children are most certainly "in the
world."
Parents, the Experts in Everything!?
Parents are expected to provide
physical, emotional, mental, social, and spiritual support to their offspring through many
years of loving care and nurture. They are also expected to fulfill many-faceted marital
obligations. Most important of all, we have made a life-and-death covenant with the Lord
to sacrifice our personal desires to fulfill his will. Being the best parent we know how
to be and being the best spouse we know how to be is counted by our God as a part of the
stewardship he includes in our consecration to him.
As parents, our primary
responsibilities during our children's developmental years are the provision of the basic
necessities of life -- food, shelter, clothing, and protection from harm. This is
scriptural: "If any provide not for his own, and specially for those of his own
house, he hath denied the faith, and is worse than an infidel" (1 Tim. 5:8). When we
are cooking nourishing meals for our child, cleaning his house, washing his clothing,
acting on our concern for him in this evil world we are not just being a conscientious
parent (which all should be as long as they have brought a new life into the world); we
are also fulfilling God's will in our consecrated lives.
We are not commanded to serve our child
caviar, house him in a palace, buy him the most expensive designer jeans, or create a
bubble around him to protect him; we are admonished to provide a healthy environment for
him.
Love, Love, Love
Love and affection are vital in
stimulating children to learn and grow as human beings-love and affection and communicating these feelings by displaying our
sincere emotions for them. Love is of God . . .
every one that loveth is of God, and knoweth God . . . God is love . . . he that dwelleth
in love dwelleth in God, and God in him. (1 John 4:7, 16).
We cherish the tender story of Jesus,
our example: And they brought young children to him,
that he should touch them: and his disciples rebuked those that brought them. But when
Jesus saw it, he was much displeased, and said unto them, Suffer the little children to
come unto me, and forbid them not . . . Whosoever shall not receive the kingdom of God as
a little child, he shall not enter therein. And he took them up in his arms, put his hands
upon them, and blessed them (Mark 10:13-16).
Children Learn What They Live
Because parents are their children's
first teachers, they play a major role in the socialization process, enabling their
children to become independent members of society.
"If a child lives with criticism,
he learns to condemn.
If a child lives with hostility, he
learns to fight.
If a child lives with fear, he learns
to be apprehensive.
If a child lives with pity, he learns
to feel sorry for himself.
If a child lives with ridicule, he
learns to be shy.
If a child lives with jealousy, he
learns what envy is.
If a child lives with shame, he learns
to feel guilty.
If a child lives with encouragement, he
learns to be confident.
If a child lives with praise, he learns
to be appreciative.
If a child lives with acceptance, he
learns to love.
If a child lives with approval, he
learns to like himself.
If a child lives with recognition, he
learns that it is good to have a goal.
If a child lives with sharing, he
learns about generosity.
If a child lives with honesty and
fairness, he learns what truth and justice are.
If a child lives with security, he
learns to have faith in himself and in those about him.
If a child lives with friendliness, he
learns that the world is a nice place to live.
If you live with serenity, your child
will live with peace of mind."
(Dorothy
Law Nolte).
Parents teach their children to speak
the language, to dress themselves, and to perform basic life skill activities.
"Most of what I really need to do and how to be I learned in
kindergarten. Wisdom was not at the top of the graduate-school mountain, but there in the
sandpile at Sunday School. These are the things I learned:
`Share everything. Play fair. Don't hit
people. Put things back where you found them. Clean up your own mess. Don't take things
that aren't yours. Say you're sorry when you hurt somebody. Wash your hands before you
eat. Warm cookies and cold milk are good for you. Live a balanced life-learn some and
think some and draw and paint and sing and dance and play and work every day some. Take a
nap every afternoon. When you go out into the world, watch out for traffic, hold hands,
and stick together. Be aware of wonder."' (Robert Fulghum)
Laying the Foundation
Parents give children opportunities to
display proper etiquette and manners: A soft answer
turns away wrath. (Prov. 15:1) Better is a
dinner of herbs where love is, than a fatted ox and hatred with it (v. 17). Be gentle
(James 3:17). Be kind (Eph. 4:32). Dress modestly (1 Tim. 2:9). Be strong and of good
courage (Deut. 31:6).
Parents foster independence and
self-reliance by teaching their children how to solve problems and make wise use of their
time: Wealth not earned but won unjustly will
dwindle away; but he who gathers little by little will increase (Prov. 13:11). Treasures of wickedness profit nothing, but
righteousness delivers from death (Prov. 10:2).
Parents give guidance related to
educational and vocational choices and assist their children in understanding the value of
money: Poverty and shame shall be to him who refuses
instruction: but he who heeds reproof shall be honored. (Prov. 13:18). He who is greedy
for unjust gain troubles his own household, but he who hates bribes will live (Prov.
15:27).
Wise nurturers give their children both
"roots" and "wings."
Parents/Teachers
According to a Jewish guide for
parents, the Hebrew word for parents (horim) and
the Hebrew word for teachers (morim) are so
similar they sound alike. Both words mean to instruct, to teach. Christian believers
emulate this Judaic heritage, which has traditionally linked the roles of parents and
teachers, for in fact the parent is the principal teacher of his children.
It is primarily the responsibility of
the Christian parent to provide spiritual guidance and character development-ethical
values, morals--for their children.
You
must love the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your
might. Take to heart these words with which 1 charge you this day, Impress them upon your children. Recite them when
you stay at home and when you are away, when you lie down and when you get up.-Deuteronomy
6:5-7, Torah, Jewish Pub. [Author's emphasis].
I [Jehovah] have singled him [Abraham] out, that he may instruct his children and his
posterity to keep the way of the Lord by doing what is just and right, in order that the
Lord may bring about for Abraham what he has promised him [to bless all the nations of
the earth].Genesis 18:19, Torah
Correction/Encouragement
Sometimes it is necessary to correct or
chastise errant children, but such discipline must convey a message of love. Bear in mind that the LORD your God disciplines you
just as a man disciplines his son (Dent. 8:5,
Torah). Whom the LORD loveth he correcteth; even as a father the son in whom he delighteth
(Prov. 3:12).
Various proverbs suggest that children
benefit from being chastened, sometimes with a rod; but at a time when (more than ever
before). children suffer physical abuse at the hand of adults in authority, we temper this
advice with Proverbs 17:10: A reproof entereth more
into a wise man than an hundred stripes into a fool. It is possible that constant
physical punishment may actually diminish its long-term effectiveness and become a
stumbling block to more constructive discipline.
In Ephesians 6:4, Paul emphasizes, Ye fathers, provoke not your children to wrath: but
bring them up in the nurture and admonition of the Lord. In Colossians 3:21, the
Apostle reiterates, Fathers, provoke not your
children to anger, lest they be discouraged.
It is advantageous to instill the
concept of human dignity into children: When God
created man, he made him in the likeness of God. (Gen. 5:1, Torah). The word
"likeness" or "image" implies a spiritual relationship, not a physical
one. Man possesses qualities that set him aside from the rest of the animal kingdom, being
capable of reasoning and feeling compassion -- dimensions that are not limited by the
senses. Thou madest him a little lower than the
angels; thou crownedst him with glory and honor, and didst set him over the works of thy
hands (Heb. 2:7).
A moderate amount of self-esteem is
necessary in any person, even a young one: Love thy
neighbor as thyself (Matt. 19:19 and 22:39;
Mark 12:31; Rom. 13:9; Gal. 5:14; James 2:8). We must first love (respect)
ourselves-develop a healthy self-concept-so that we can adequately direct our love toward
others.
Learning by Imitating
Children are charming imitators.
Charming and frighteningly accurate. Raise your voice; they raise theirs. Whine; they
whine. Complain, criticize; you are shocked to hear yourself in what they say.
If we are their closest models, it
behooves us to develop the fruits of the spirit which we desire in them: Love, joy, peace, long-suffering, gentleness,
goodness, faith, meekness, temperance (Gal. 5:22, 23).
"That's
Not Fair!"
Children have a keen sense of fairness;
they love the concept of Leviticus 19:15 (Torah): You shall not render an unfair decision: do not favor the
poor or show deference to the rich; judge your neighbor fairly.. They quickly remind us if
we are not consistent. Justice, justice shall you pursue, that you may thrive and occupy
the land that the LORD your God is giving you" (Deut. 16:20, Torah).
They will see the justice of Honor your father and your mother, and they soon
become aware of the promises: That you may long
endure on the land which the LORD Your God is giving you (Exod. 20:12; see also Eph.
6:2).
Obedience
Children love the hymn, "Trust and
Obey." The wonderful story of Samuel echoes the response every child of God must
continually answer to the Lord, Speak; for thy
servant heareth, and even Eli's humble acquiescence, It is the LORD: let him do what seemeth him good. Finally,
To obey is better than sacrifice (1 Sam. 3:10,
18; 15:22).
The Lord does not suggest; the Lord
commands: He who repudiates (reviles) his father or his mother shall be put to death (Exod. 21:17, Torah).
Because Hezekiah did not render again
according to the benefit done unto him, there was wrath upon him and upon Judah and
Jerusalem when his son, Manasseh, reigned. Generations to come suffer from our neglect to
obey God's will.
Practical Guidelines
The
children ought not to lay up for the parents, but the parents for the children (2 Cor.
12:14). How practical scripture is! It not only
lays out the divine plan for all mankind but personal admonitions toward success in the
way toward God.
The instructions of the Bible do not
end with childhood, any more than its principles only apply to the new creation. The laws
of God are unending. They guide us in every stage of our lives.
A practical expectation for later years
is found in I Timothy 5:4: Requite (give back to
or recompense in a good sense) your parents: for
that is good and acceptable before God. As parents age, adult children may find
themselves in the position of providing the necessities of life for the parents.
Helping a Child Helps the World
"He who helps a child helps
humanity with an immediateness which no other help given to human creature in any
other stage of human life can possibly give again" (Phillips Brooks).
We pray fervently to the Lord for help.
Surely he is our primary guide. But we remember the parents who asked for guidance from
God, and then refused the help proffered by their neighbors, by the schools, by the
doctor, and by their relatives. Perhaps the Lord was using these tangible methods to help
the frantic parents. He does not always reveal himself in a miraculous vision; we to child
care. do not always hear his voice in the thunder. Consider what helps are available. If
they are in harmony with God's methods, avail yourself of them!
We are not entirely responsible for our
child's strengths and weaknesses. The same boiling water that softens a carrot hardens
an egg. Children from the same parents, raised in the same environment, do not always
react the same way. Friends, teachers, even television characters often influence our
children. Parenting is a major challenge in this end of the twentieth century.
Today's Greater Need For Help
For hundreds of years parenting was
governed by trial and error or by traditional methods--that is, parents reared their
offspring in a manner similar to the way their parents had treated them. There was no
formal training for parenting; there were no courses to outline the step-by-step
progression of child development or to list suggestions and techniques for disciplining
children.
Several factors may have contributed
to the rapid growth in parent education during the 1900's.
A major cause has been the diversification of the "traditional American
family." With so many family patterns today-single parents and extended
families-parents face more challenges than ever before. Thus, these new family patterns
and problems often require child-raising skills that tradition may not have needed to
provide. In addition, discoveries in psychology and other sciences may have stimulated an
interest in applying new knowledge
There is Help
During the late 1800's and early 1900's, a number of organizations were established
to address the growing concern related to parenting issues. These groups included what
is now the Parent Teacher Association and the Society for the Study of Child-Nature.
In 1912, the United States government began to
actively help parents when it established a federal agency called the Children's Bureau, which distributed information
about child development and published many popular pamphlets.
In 1914, the Smith-Lever
Act set up what is now the Cooperative Extension
System to provide advice about child care. Then in the 1920's, the scientific study of child development
was begun. Many universities established child study centers where researchers
investigated the growth and development of children, applying their findings to
educational methods.
Since the 1960's, parent education has expanded greatly, due
in part to government support-for example, Head
Start, a federal project that was established to help low-income parents prepare
their children for school.
We are God's stewards; our children are
our stewardship. We are to do with our might what our hands find to do. We are to be
diligent in whatsoever state we are. But what a comfort: After we have done our best, we
can cast all our care upon God; for he cares for us-and for our children.-Deut. 11:19, 12:25, 28, 29:29; Eccl. 9:10; 1 Pet. 5:7.
Of Slaves and Masters -- Part One
"Teach slaves to be subject to
their masters in everything, to try to please them, not to talk back to them, and not to
steal from them, but to show that they can be fully trusted, so that in every way they
will make the teaching about God our Savior attractive." -- Titus 2:9-10 NIV
By David Rice
Secular employment constitutes the largest single mortgage of time and effort for
many Christians. Therefore it will provide the background for much of the experience of
life and test many features of our Christian character.
In both Ephesians 6:5-9 and Colossians
3:22-4:1, Paul gives advice to servants and to masters. Employees today are not servants
and employers are not masters in the same way that society was organized when Paul gave
this advice. Nevertheless, Paul's advice is founded on principles which do apply.
Employees
The two passages are very similar. We
quote here the Ephesians passage, which is more complete, Paul's counsel to servants:
Servants,
be obedient to them that are your masters according to the flesh, with fear and trembling,
in singleness of your heart, as unto Christ; Not with eye service, as men pleasers; but as
the servants of Christ, doing the will of God from the heart; With good will doing
service, as to the Lord, and not to men: Knowing that whatsoever good thing any man doeth,
the same shall he receive of the Lord, whether he be' bond or free.-Ephesians 6:5-8
Could we imagine a more wonderful
approach to our secular responsibilities? Faithfulness to our duties is counted as
faithfulness to the Lord! This is a precious prospect. The discharge of this mort gage-a
necessary burden in any case-if done as to the Lord will
bring favor and blessing from the Lord. Whatsoever
good thing any man doeth, the same shall he receive of the Lord.
Do we wish to please the Lord with our
conduct? Then we shall wish to please our employer. Do we wish to show the Lord that we
are diligent, dependable, and loyal? Then, while we are required to serve an employer, the
Lord offers to accept the spirit of that service as indicating the spirit of our service
to the Lord himself.
Imagine for a moment that you need to
take leave of your job for a pressing family obligation, and you will be away for two or
three months. Most employers would find that an imposition; nevertheless many would, if
possible, agree and even wish you well. But imagine the employer who offers to pay you for
discharging your obligation and even promote you on your return according to how well you
served that responsibility during your absence. I think all would like to work for an
employer like that! In fact, all of the Lord's consecrated do so. The Lord is our master;
and even if we are not engaged directly in his business while serving our temporal
obligations, he offers to reward us for the service in accord with our diligence.
Perhaps we have a difficult,
overbearing, selfish employer. These traits are frequent in the world, and it should not
surprise us to find these problems in an employer. Paul's counsel does not apply to
pleasant employers more than to unpleasant ones. In either case, our service is directed
to the Lord but for the benefit of our employer. If our employer is a difficult one or our
job an unpleasant one, we will have more opportunity for overcoming, perhaps for suffering
unjustly, perhaps for showing grace under provocation, and certainly for showing that our
loyalty is based on principle rather than on favorable circumstances.
However nothing in Paul's counsel tells
us that we may not speak reasonably and kindly for our rights. Polite communications with
our employers about problems, possible injustice, or excessive burdens is a wise policy
and will be to the overall benefit of all. Harboring resentments and bearing unjust
burdens without recourse is likely to engender bitterness, which is always an evil fruit.
But even here we should be swift to hear, slow to
speak (James 1:19). We as well as our employers are human. We should not expect our
views always to prevail, even if we are actually correct.
Some
Practical Considerations
Determine
what your employer considers a "job well done." Our view and his
view may be different. But we are willing to serve the employer and therefore must respect
his view. He may not always be right, but he is always the boss. We are not here speaking
of matters of conscience. We cannot, for example, lie on our employer's behalf because
he considers it part of our duty to him. Principle always comes first. If we sense an
expectation which would violate our conscience, we must be pleasantly, politely firm in
our position. We ought to obey God rather than man
(Acts 5:29).
Use initiative. Common sense and employer feedback are
useful gauges here. Few things are more helpful or more remarkable in an employee than
spontaneous, thoughtful, perceptive application to a task not specifically required. Are
there procedures or methods that clearly would be helpful and not disruptive to others
which you can implement? Is there a small service not normally obligatory, perhaps one
which may be considered beneath your position, which time permits you to do? Would you do
it if you were directly serving the Lord? Then do it while you are indirectly serving the
Lord.
Remember
that many things weigh upon an employer's mind which are not openly apparent. Keep in
mind that his relationship to each employee may be slightly different than to you. Every
interpersonal relationship is unique. Never give place to jealousy. If a favor is
extended to others, be glad for them. If a kindness is extended to you, how would you wish
your peers to react.
Employers
And ye masters, do the same things unto them,
forbearing threatening: knowing that your Master also is in heaven; neither is there
respect of persons with him.-Ephesians 6:9
Masters,
give unto your servants that which is just and equal; knowing that ye also have a Master
in heaven. -Colossians 4:1
Every position of authority brings a
risk of abuse. If we are an employer, we have a responsibility for which to account. If it
is exercised with justice and with fairness, even though with firmness, our characters
will be enhanced and a proper sense of self respect increased. If it is exercised as a
means of personal gratification, our characters will be weakened.
There is, of course, a motive for being
an employer. In the present arrangement it is a means to an end. Those who are willing to
work industriously and supervise the labors of others to further the enterprise
undertake that responsibility for the hope of a financial return in order to provide for
themselves and their dependents. Christian employers hope also to have some financial
gain to use for their greater service to the Lord. Often there are monetary risks and
great labor expended by the employer with the reasonable hope of gain in the future.
But along the way one of the responsibilities gained in the process is toward those who
labor in our employ. Any Christian person will surely have a great deal of concern for how
they discharge that responsibility. It is not a responsibility taken from the motivation
of charity, even though a successful employer may take some pleasure in providing gainful
employment for many workers. Therefore, while we wish to exercise a spirit of charity
and goodwill in all affairs of life, the fundamental concern of an employer is that he
treat his employees justly and fairly-the same qualities Paul emphasizes in his
advice.
Paul also reminds us that we are under
a Master, perhaps implying two things: (1) We should follow the example of Christ as far
as possible; and (2) We may be judged by our Master to some extent upon how we exercise
our authority over others.
Some Practical Considerations
Always retain a genuine concern for
your employees.
Remember
the 3:1 rule -- give at least three honest encouragements for every
criticism.
Have
a hearing ear. If a decision must be made which is disagreeable to others, explain
your reasons kindly and respectfully.
An
employer or supervisor will encounter stress.
These stresses differ when one is responsible for another's productivity. These stresses
may point to areas of our character which need special work.
Long
hours. Employer or business responsibilities can demand our mental attention and
interest after normal working hours more than, for example, working for hourly
remuneration. Be alert to this, and establish boundaries for yourself.
Finally, to paraphrase Luke 6:31, Do
unto your employees as you would have them do unto you if they were your employer.
Of
Slaves and Masters -- Part
Two
Servants, be subject to your
masters with fear; not only to the good and gentle, but also to the froward. -- 1 Peter
2:18
By Peter Karavas
Employee Emotions
"My employer is not fair nor
understanding." "He doesn't pay me what I'm worth." "I'm tired of
office politics." "My boss expects too much overtime." "I'm stuck in a
rut." Ever had any of these thoughts? Just what should be our consecrated attitude
toward our boss and work? Can we wholeheartedly serve a boss who does not appreciate us?
How far can we allow our boss to push the limits of our honesty? Where do we draw the line
between our time and energy commitments towards work versus towards our consecration and
family?
"I Try To Love You Boss, But It's Not
Easy"
What does God teach our attitude
towards our boss should be? We suggest that many of the scriptures referring to master and
servant relationships can and do apply.
Slaves,
obey your earthly masters with respect and fear, and with sincerity of heart, just as you
would obey Christ. Obey them not only to win their favor when their eye is on you, but
like slaves of Christ, doing the will of God from your heart. Serve wholeheartedly, as if
you were serving the Lord, not men, because you know that the Lord will reward everyone
for whatever good he does, whether he is slave or free-Ephesians 6:5-8, NIV
"Obey my boss just as I would
Christ!? Not just to win his favor but from my heart?"
In many cases this is not an easy task
to accomplish. "Can the Lord really want me to take this approach with a boss who is
unfair? " Slaves, submit yourselves to your
masters with all respect, not only to those who are good and considerate, but also to those who are harsh.-1 Peter 2:18 [Author's
emphasis].
"So am I trapped forever working
for a horrible boss?" Not necessarily. As long as you choose to stay at your job
remain faithful to your harsh boss. Nobody is forcing you to stay though. You can look for
another job with a better boss elsewhere. Some people will continue in their jobs for
years working for an unfair and abusive boss. If this is you, you might ask yourself,
"Why do I allow myself to be abused by my boss daily and why do I keep going back for
more?" Often the motivations for staying are fear and insecurity. The fear of facing
another boss and the insecurity of not succeeding at a new job. These fears are generally
ungrounded. As we will later see, hard work, diligence and good skills will bring success
at our job.
"But I've prayed about it, and God
hasn't shown me a clear sign to leave. Maybe it's his will that I stay." God will not
always give a clear sign about what we should do. For example, let us take our children.
As they mature, we give less guidance to every detail of their lives and trust them with
more responsibilities. God does the same with us. As we mature in the consecrated way, he
trusts that we will more accurately apply biblical principles to our circumstances. Having
signs to point the direction in which we should go would make decision making much easier,
but studying the scriptures to learn God's principles is a more difficult yet more
reliable way of learning God's will.
Another approach is to kindly but
firmly confront a harsh boss in the spirit of Matthew 18 to discuss our work performance
and his reaction. This meeting may help us decide whether it is worth staying longer or
help us to see that the situation is hopeless and it is time to take courage and move on
to a new job.
I Am Always Honest
Is it naive to think that
in today's work environment I can be totally honest?
What do I do when the boss says,
"If anyone calls, tell them I'm out of the office today," when I know full well
he is really in all day?
Should I say no when the boss tells me
to "adjust the numbers so that the pro forma shows a 12% rate of return," when I
know the project will really only yield a 5% return at best? The scriptures are
straightforward in their testimony on this topic.
Speak
the truth, each one of you with his neighbor (Eph. 4:25 NASV;) Do not lie to one another
(Col. 3: 9 NASV; ) Truthful lips will be established forever, But a lying tongue is only
for a moment (Prov. 12:19 NASV ).
One might challenge, "Was David
not justified in deceiving Ahimelech the High Priest while fleeing for his life from Saul,
or when he feigned madness to save his life from Achish, king of Gath" (1 Sam. 21)?
David wrote two Psalms in response to
these two experiences. In Psalm 52, David expresses his anguish over his deception which
resulted in the death of Ahimelech the High Priest: Your tongue devises destruction, Like a sharp
razor, O worker of deceit. Behold the man who would not make God his refuge, But trusted
in the abundance of his riches, And was strong in his evil desire (vs. 2, 7).
In Psalm 34, David repents from his
deception of King Achish, which was based on fear, not trusting in the Lord's
protection: I sought the Lord, and He answered me,
and delivered me from all my fears. Keep your tongue from evil, and your lips from
speaking deceit (vs. 4, 13).
If David acknowledged the error of
deceit even though in danger of death, can we practice a lower standard when all that is
at risk is our job?
Letting our boss know our feelings up
front will discourage him from attempting to compromise our high moral standards. This may
cause some short term discomfort, but in the long run most bosses will respect and trust
us more for it.
Office Politics
"I think people see `target'
written on my forehead." "Other employees work against me for their own
advantage and to make me look bad in the eyes of the boss."
Honestly defending oneself to the boss
against false accusations may at times be both wise and appropriate. Paul defended himself
to the Roman centurion (Acts 22:25) and to Governor Felix (Acts 24) from the Jews who were
accusing him.
Whether we may choose to respond or
not, we do well not to be filled with deep worry and anxious care, remembering that all is
in the Lord's hands. None can harm us without his permission.
For
1 have heard the slander of many, Terror is on every side; While they took counsel
together against me, They schemed to take away my life. But as for me, 1 trust in Thee, O
Lord, I say, 'Thou art my God.' My times are in Thy hand; Deliver me from the hand of my
enemies, and from those who persecute me.-Psalm 31:13-15 NASV
Whoever
secretly slanders his neighbor, him I will destroy; No one who has a haughty look and an
arrogant heart will I endure.-Psalm 101:5 NASV
This
poor man cried and the Lord heard him, And saved him out of all his troubles. The angel of
the Lord encamps around those who fear Him, And rescues them.-Psalm 34:6, 7 NASV
It's not unusual that the Lord's people
would be spoken against, especially out of fear and jealousy. In our efforts to give our
employer the very best we can, as unto the Lord, other employees may view us as
competition and consequently as a threat to their own advancement within the company. But
we are not to retaliate.
Never
pay back evil for evil to anyone. . . Never take your own revenge, beloved, but leave room
for the wrath of God, for it is written, "Vengeance is Mine, I will repay, "
says the Lord. But if your enemy is hungry, feed him, and if he is thirsty, give him a
drink; for in so doing you will heap burning coals upon his head. Do not be overcome by
evil, but overcome evil with good.-Romans. 12:17, 19-21
And
keep a good conscience so that in the thing in which you are slandered, those who revile
your good behavior in Christ may be put to shame-1 Peter 3:16
Those who speak evil of us falsely will
eventually be found out and suffer the consequences of their actions. A false witness will not go unpunished, And he who
tells lies will perish (Prov. 19:9). As long as we continue to work honestly and hard,
most bosses will usually sooner or later see through the deceit of others and put their
trust in a faithful worker.
Good Attitude? High Integrity? No Problem! . . .
Well?
"When I work hard I feel like I'm
just spinning my wheels. My boss won't reward me. It won't get me anywhere."
Bosses may not always provide much
feedback on our performance, but often they see much more than they let us know. Hard
work, good skills and attitude are vital factors in how the boss evaluates us. Do not
believe it if you think they do not know when employees take an extra long lunch break or
spend business time socializing.
Lazy
hands make a man poor, but diligent hands bring wealth. Diligent hands will rule, but
laziness ends in slave labor. Do you see a man skilled in his work? He will serve before
kings; he will not serve before obscure men (Prov. 10:4; 12:24 22:29 NIV ).
Stealing anything from our
employer--from pencils to time--brings shame, rather than a witness, to the name of
Christ.
Teach
slaves to be subject to their masters . . . not to steal from them, but to show that they
can be fully trusted, so that in every way they will make the teaching about God our
Savior attractive (Thus 2:9, 10 NIV ). It is required of stewards that one be found
trustworthy (1 Cor. 4:2 NASV ).
As ambassadors for Christ we must
exercise the utmost integrity and the highest practice of Christian principles at work.
Can we pass the test of Daniel? Then the
commissioners and satraps began trying to find a ground of accusation against Daniel in
regard to government affairs; but they could find no ground of accusation or evidence of
corruption, inasmuch as he was faithful, and no negligence or corruption was to be found
in him.-Daniel 6:4 NASV
Looking at employment from the
employees point of view is interesting. But what about the employers point of view?
Employer Emotions
"Who can blame me for getting so
angry at such a bad employee?"
No matter how bad we may feel an
employee is, we are not to temporarily put aside the Christian graces when dealing with
him: Do not threaten them (your servant) (Eph.
6:9 NIV); You shall not rule over him (your
servant) with severity (Lev. 25:43 NASV);. You shall not oppress a hired servant (Dent.
24:14 NASV)
Compensation should be fair and prompt.
We are not to make our employees feel like we're doing them a favor by giving them a
paycheck. They have worked hard for their wages; if we do not think so perhaps we should
consider replacing an employee. But before doing so, let us ask ourselves, "Am I
accurately assessing the scope of my employee's responsibilities, his skills, and the
effort he's putting forth? Does it reflect badly on my performance as a manager? For the
same wages could I acquire a better employee?"
The
laborer is worthy of his wages (1 Tim. 5:18); The wages of a hired man are not to remain
with you all night until morning (Lev. 19:13); Now to the one who works, his wage is not
reckoned as a favor, but as what is due (Rom. 4:4).
Encouragement can go a long way with an
employee. He needs to know that we are interested in him, that we have noticed and
appreciated his successes and that we are not unreasonable or unfair in our approach to
his failures. An anxious heart weighs a man down,
but a kind word cheers him up (Prov. 12:25 NIV ); The craftsman encourages the goldsmith,
and he who smooths with the hammer spurs on him who strikes with the anvil. He says,
"It is good" (Isa. 41: 7 NIV) ).
A wise employer will not surround
himself with lazy employees. They will be the death of his business. Lazy employees tend
to be very unproductive and to make unreasonable excuses for not getting the work done
quickly and correctly. The sluggard says,
"There is a lion outside; I shall be slain in the streets!" (Prov. 22:13); I
passed by the field of the sluggard, And by the vineyard of the man lacking sense; And
behold, it was completely overgrown with thistles, Its surface was covered with nettles,
And its stone wall was broken down. Prov. 24:30, 31).
Final Words
Christian principles are not like a
light switch that turns on and off depending on where we are and who we're with. The high
moral standards of our consecration are to be applied across the board, not just at the
ecclesia but at home, among friends, among strangers, and at work. Applying these
standards will relieve work related stress and anxiety, because by practicing them we are
placing our faith and trust in God. In his hands, and under his protection, we know we
have nothing to fear.
Stewardship
And
he said unto them, Take heed, and beware of covetousness: for a man's life consisteth not
in the abundance of things which he possesseth. And he spake a parable unto them saying,
the ground of a certain rich man brought forth plentifully and he thought within himself,
saying, what shall I do, because 1 have no room where to bestow my fruits? And he said,
this will I do, I will pull down my barns and build greater and there will I bestow all my
fruits and my goods. And I will say to my soul, Soul, thou hast much goods laid up for
many years: take thine ease, eat, drink and be merry. But God said unto him, thou fool,
this night thy soul shall be required of thee: then whose shall those things be which thou
hast provided?-Luke 12:15-20
By Leonard Griehs
Wealth, historically has been
associated with ownership. In biblical times, land, slaves, and animals constituted
ownership. Today wealth is often defined in terms of money, so the two terms may now be
used interchangeably.
The man in this text is not condemned
because he is rich--he had wealth before his superabundant crop. It was his attitude toward his wealth that caused concern.
The overabundance was hoarded rather than used in the service of his faith. An abundance
of, or lack of, money does not affect our relationship with God. As in the parable, it
is our attitude about it that affects our relationship. In Hebrews 11 the author lists the
heroes of faith who were deemed worthy to gain God's greatest earthly reward-perfect human
life. We note that some, such as David, had much in terms of worldly possessions while
others had nothing. Yet all are said to be rewarded the same for their faith. Their
victory came from dedicating themselves and their possessions to the service of their
faith.
Proper
Attitude Important
Matthew 19:16-22 teaches an important
lesson about money. Here Jesus shows that it is not the amount of money possessed but our
attitude about it that either blesses or condemns us. The rich young man appeared to
have the proper spirit of the law-he was accountable and tried to conduct his affairs
under the precepts of the law. He answered affirmatively to each of Jesus' questions.
However Jesus saw beyond his pretenses and detected a selfish attitude. When the young
man asked, "What lack I yet?" Jesus was quick to show him that his attitude
about what he owned prevented him from being free to enjoy God's blessings. When told he
must abandon his earthly wealth, the young man went away "sorrowful, because he had
great possessions." Had the young man possessed a better attitude he might have
questioned Jesus to understand why it was necessary to give up his possessions.
Jesus might have told the young man
that what he had must now be used for the service of God. If he turned over his
possessions to God and became a steward of the property-not merely to keep it but to
oversee its wise use-his wealth might be a source of support for the cause. He could thus
be a blessing, and his particular talent for managing financial resources could be used
of the Lord. However the young man's fear of losing his possessions outweighed his
faith. Jesus challenged him, and the young man's attitude about his possessions
prevented his entering into the joys of discipleship. Jesus laid down a related principle
in the parable of the talents given in Matthew 25:14-30. God gives each of his people
certain abilities or talents in a variety of forms in order to accomplish his work. He
then expects each to use their abilities to develop and manage these talents as stewards.
The one that hoarded his talent for fear of losing it had the same attitude as the
landowner and the rich young ruler. We are to use our talents to produce an increase for
God. That is just as true in our stewardship over his financial resources.
Focus on Money Creates Bondage
Many suffer mental anguish over
money-either too little (worrying about how and whether they can get it) or too much
(worrying about losing it). In Proverbs 30:7-9 Solomon makes a helpful observation:
Two
things have I required of thee; deny me them not before 1 die: remove far from me vanity
and lies: give me neither poverty or riches; feed me with food convenient for me, lest I
be full, and deny thee, and say, Who is the LORD? or lest 1 be poor, and steal, and take
the name of my God in vain.
Too much money and too little money
both create dangerous temptations. The temptation of poverty is to do something dishonest
in order to gain money; the danger of too much money is to be content without God.
An abundance of the good things of the
present life can supplant our dependence upon God. Financial gain can become our purpose
above the pursuit of spiritual treasures. However, Solomon also says that having nothing
can result in covetousness which makes us just as guilty because our desire takes
precedence over our service to God. This can result in neglect to provide adequately for
loved ones.
Solomon urges a lifestyle which results
in contentment; an attitude which places God first. Without this we become slaves to money
with or without financial resources.
The Bondage of Debt
In Matthew 5:25, 26 Jesus shows how a
lack of self-discipline can result in another kind of slavery to money-through the bondage
of debt. This passage refers to borrowing beyond the capacity to repay. In biblical days,
if a man could not pay his debts he was thrown into a debtor's prison and whatever he
owned became the possession of his lender, including the debtor's family. Jesus points out
the danger of violating this principle of borrowing beyond the capacity to repay-one may
lose much more than was borrowed in order to repay his debt. This can result in both
financial and mental jeopardy.
Proverbs 17:18 expands on this
principle: A man lacking in sense pledges and
becomes surety in the presence of his neighbor. Surety refers to borrowing without an
underlying asset of comparable value or a sure means to repay an unsecured obligation. It
also can refer to guaranteeing the obligation of another. When we ignore this principle we
subject ourselves to financial bondage. Let us look at an example, remembering that God
gave us this principle to help us avoid subjecting ourselves to a situation where money
becomes the means for distracting us away from his service.
Suppose a car you are buying costs
$10,000. You make a $2,000 down payment and borrow $8,000, pledging the car as collateral
and guaranteeing to pay back the note over five years. You have become "surety,"
because if you are not able to make payment and the car is repossessed it may be sold at a
loss and you will be required to make up the difference between the loan value and the
sales price. If you do not pay, you would be subject to judgment in court. If you work,
your wages could be garnisheed. However if you do not guarantee the contract beyond the
value of the car you would not get the car either! No lender would make a loan under those
conditions. Does that mean that you must pay cash to avoid violating God's principle about
surety? Not if you make a substantially higher down payment! If you put down more money
and the car became total collateral, it would more than cover the loan value for the life
of the loan. You would be released from the note free and clear. You would not be subject
to financial bondage created through unforeseen circumstances. This is a wise principle
given by God for everyone. By following it no one would be subject to financial bondage!
When purchasing a house this principle
is magnified. A sufficiently high down payment can prevent surety even if a substantial
drop in the value of the property occurs. This may require a longer period of saving than
many desire, but that is exercising self-discipline in order to live by God's principles.
When we take upon ourselves the
financial burdens of another through guaranteeing their borrowing, we have also gone
"surety" and subject ourselves to the same worry and trouble that we would have
ourselves if we were in the same situation.
Principles for Financial Stewardship
If God chooses to make us a steward
over financial resources, we will be faced with many decisions which affect the growth or
shrinkage of those resources. By exercising sound principles given to us in God's Word we
can keep the proper attitude and be like those faithful stewards endowed with the talents
in the parable, who gave back to God more than they had been given.
Avoid
speculation and borrowing money to make money. Most schemes which promise high returns
for a small investment are either unethical or illegal. Getting involved with them will
almost surely result in a loss of funds, reputation, and family health (1 Tim. 6:9).
Keep
finances current. Avoid situations that will put financial freedom in peril. Live
below your means. Do not depend on the necessity of a windfall (a hot tip or winning a
lottery) to meet a current obligation. This causes irrational decisions and compromise
(Luke 14:28).
Set
aside adequate sources of income for doing God's work. Although we must commit our
trust to him, we should not launch into a venture without some clear direction about how
we will meet our obligations. Expecting God to provide funds for a venture without clear
direction is tempting him (Matt. 4:7).
Give,
rather than lend, to others in need. While scriptures support the concept of lending,
it is a better testimony to share without expectation of repayment (2 Cor. 9:13; Luke
14:12-14).
Avoid co-signing for anyone.
Pledging assets for the debt of another
makes you surety and a risk to family, reputation, and mental health (Prov. 6:1; 17:18;
27:13).
Evaluate
purchases based on needs. God has only promised to provide for our needs. Unhappiness
often arises as a result of unsatisfied wants and desires. We are to distinguish between
luxury and necessity (1 Tim. 6:8).
Never
make financial decisions under pressure. Most phony schemes rely on the necessity to
"sign up now." Many states require a three-day "thought" period in
which it is possible to cancel a transaction. If this principle is recognized as good by
man, how much more should it be right in the stewardship for God (Prov. 21:5).
Accept
God's decrease as well as his increase. Remember that God's will is often achieved
through need rather than through prosperity. A life committed to Christ must be
independent of circumstances (Phil. 4:12, 13).
Prevention from Servitude to Money
How can we assure that we maintain the
proper attitude so that the lack of money does not divert our attention and take us away
from God's work? By exercising sound principles based upon God's Word we can eliminate
mental bondage to money.
Transfer
ownership to God.When we consecrate we turn all
of our possessions over to him. As we focus more on him and less on ourselves, we will
become less concerned about earthly possessions and realize that he always gives us what
we need (Prov. 3:9, 10).
Get
out of debt. If payments are past due and the balance of what we owe exceeds the value
of what we own, we must exercise self-discipline to reverse our situation. Whenever we pay
interest we lose, and when we borrow so much that we subject ourselves to surety we enter
into financial bondage (Rom. 13:8).
Accept
God's direction. Worry over the lack of money (perceived or real) will diminish if we
believe God takes care of our, every need (Matt. 6:31, 32).
Excel in work. If our standard is
excellence then slothfulness will never cause problems. God expects us to be diligent and
do well because our attitude should be to do all things as though they were being done for
him (1 Pet. 4:11).
Make
restitution. Bad habits in the past can make it difficult to start over unless we
first remove the results of our past bad practices. Making restitution is one of the
principles that we find consistently repeated in God's law (Matt. 5:24).
Be
content. Greed and covetousness usually arise out of discontent. The wisdom of a
moderate life-style is not just for spiritual, physical, and mental health but for
financial health as well (1 Tim. 6:6, 7).
Provide for
family needs first. Often this means personal
sacrifice and cutting back on personal preferences. That is the beginning of
self-discipline which is God's basic principle for Christian living (1 Tim. 5:8; James
4:3).
Keep a balanced
commitment. No one on his death bed has said,
"I wish I had spent more time at the office." Excessive overtime or a second job
is often rationalized under the guise of providing a better living (Prov. 23:4, 5).
Sacrifice
personal desires. A commitment to gaining wealth is unscriptural.
That does not mean that God wishes us to live in poverty. God does expect us to live less
than extravagantly and not be swayed by the "lifestyles of the rich and famous"
(Eccl. 2:10, 11; Matt. 6:24).
Proper Stewardship a Reflection of Proper Attitude
Money is only valuable for its use and
every Christian possessing it must render an account of his or her stewardship. Man's
tendency is generally toward selfishness, as Jesus points out in our theme text. Therefore
it is essential that the Christian's attitude about money reflect spiritual values and the
custody of wealth reflect scriptural principles.
The true Christian with an
overabundance of financial resources will encounter many opportunities for benevolence.
Through proper stewardship those so entrusted can show the praises of God effectively and
show their devotion and faithfulness as stewards in the Lord's cause.
For our citizenship is
in heaven; from whence also we wait for a Saviour, the Lord Jesus Christ. -- Philippians
3:20 ASV
By Carl Hagensick
The responsibility of a Christian
toward his government raises many questions. How deeply should he be involved in the
political processes of his country? Should a Christian run for elective office? Should he
campaign for a political candidate? How should he make his positions known on issues that
have religious ramifications? Should a
Christian vote?
Holy Men of Old
The Old Testament depicts the lives of
many saintly men of God. These were often deeply involved politically. Moses is still
known as the greatest of all lawgivers. Deborah was not only a judge but a woman directing
the course of a nation. David and his son Solomon were mighty kings and empirebuilders.
Jeremiah and Elijah are but two examples of prophets who boldly spoke forth on the
political issues of their day.
Lest we get the impression that ancient
servants of God served only in the theocracy of Israel, we need but remember the
activities of Joseph as grand vizier of Egypt, the service of Daniel as prime minister to
the kings of both Babylon and Medo-Persia, and Mordecai as counselor to the Persian king
Ahasuerus (Xerxes).
New Testament
However, when we turn the pages of the
Bible to the New Testament we find a marked contrast. Though some were civil servants
before they became Christians [such as the centurion Cornelius, the Ethiopian eunuch, and those of Cæsar's household (Phil. 4:22), and
Matthew the tax-collector], and some may have kept their office afterwards, there is no
record of them seeking such office after becoming Christians.
There may be some natural reasons for
this. The Christian church was chiefly selected from the poor and the outcasts of the
earth, ones who would not have been likely to hold such office. Also, whereas the Old
Testament covers a history of some 4000 years,
the New Testament is limited to about 37 years;
insufficient time to draw a solid conclusion.
Early Church Fathers
Following on in the history of the
early church we find further evidence that the Christian community disdained involvement
in the governments around them. Two quotations may suffice to illustrate this point:
Clement of Alexandria (150-215) -- "Now this age and the future
are enemies . . . . We cannot therefore be friends of both, but must hold companionship
with the one and bid farewell to the other. We reckon that it is better to hate the things
that are here, for they are small and short-lived and corruptible, and to love the
things that are there, for they are good and incorruptible."
Origen (185-254) --
"The reason why Christians avoid the public service of earthly life is not because
they want to evade them, but because they are reserving themselves for the more divine and
needful service of the church of God, taking the lead-at once needfully and righteously-in
the salvation of men, and being concerned for all men."
Otherworldliness
The premise in both of the above quotes
is that of otherworldliness. The Christian claimed a heavenly citizenship and a consequent
lack of interest and involvement in things of the present life. This is in marked contrast
to the philosophy of the leading lights of the Old Testament and is in agreement with the
words of Jesus in Luke 16:16-The law and the
prophets were unto John: since that time the kingdom of heaven is preached.
The promises taught by Jesus were
radically different from those of Old Testament Judaism, though they complement each other
in teaching of a coming thousand-year kingdom. The law of Moses promised an earthly
kingdom-one nation under God. The kingdom which Jesus taught was to be heavenly. My kingdom is not of this world (John 18:36). So different were these two concepts that
the followers of Jesus could not divide their loyalties between them.
No
servant can serve two masters: for either he will hate the one, and love the other; or
else he will hold to the one, and despise the other. Ye cannot serve God and mammon.-Luke
16:13
A
New Kingdom Needed
Man has long felt the need for the
stabilizing force of government. Great kingdoms of the past were not without their
accomplishments. Consider the laws of Hammurabi, the splendor of ancient Babylon, the
conquering might of Persia, the learning and culture of Greece, and the raw power of Rome
with its Cæsars. Yet these served more to heighten oppression than to bring true peace.
Each gave way in its time to a new power.
It was just such a new kingdom that
Jesus proposed-a kingdom not of this world. It
was a kingdom with a platform of real social welfare (Isa. 35), or real peace and domestic
tranquility (Isa. 2:4), and promising the ultimate freedom -- the freedom from death
itself (Rev. 21:4).
This would be a kingdom with a
spiritual ruling power, Christ and his church (2 Tim. 2:12; Matt. 19:28) and with billions
of subjects-all who have ever lived returning from their graves (John 5:25-29; Rev.
20:11-13).
This kingdom would be endued with the
necessary power to accomplish its aims. It would rule with a rod of iron (Rev. 2:26, 27) and would conquer all
forces opposed to its righteous rule (1 Cor. 15:25, 26).
With such a vision before them it is no
wonder that Jesus' disciples cast their votes for him and his kingdom. But this kingdom
was for some indistinct future time. It left the believer with hope but with no current
alleviation from oppression. No wonder such activists as Karl Marx called such religious
hopes "an opiate of the people" dulling their sensibilities to current
injustices.
There is a partial truth in Marx's
observation. The kingdom is still for the future. We live in the present--in the
"meantime" of anticipation. What is the Christian's role now?
Ambassadors
Now
then we are ambassadors for Christ, as though God did beseech you by us: we pray you in Christ's
stead, be ye reconciled to God (2 Cor. 5:20); For
which 1 am an
ambassador in bonds: that therein I may
speak boldly, as I ought to speak (Eph. 6:20).
An ambassador is a citizen of one
country representing his government in a foreign land. While vitally interested in the
affairs of his host country, his citizenship and enfranchisement is in his native land. As
a result, he is not eligible to vote or hold office in the country of his residence. These
privileges and restrictions seem to define well the viewpoint of the early Christian
church toward political involvement.
The role of the ambassador is well
expressed in a 1955 critique of the American ambassadorial community, The Ugly American:
"What we need is a small force of
well-trained, well-chosen, hardworking, and dedicated professionals. They must be willing
to risk their comforts and-in some lands -their health. They must go equipped to apply a
positive policy promulgated by a clear-thinking government. They must speak the language
of their assignment, and they must be more expert in its problems than are the natives. If
the only price we are willing to pay is the dollar price, then we might as well pull out
before we're thrown out. If we are not prepared to pay the human price, we had better
retreat to our shores . . . . We are trying . . . money alone, instead of remembering that
it was the quest for the dignity of freedom that was responsible for our own way of life
" (Pages 239, 240).
Notice the six itemized qualifications:
1. Speak the language of the country -- even as Jesus spoke the language
of the common people instead of the classical Greek of the scholars.
2. Mingle with the populace -- as Jesus
and the disciples mingled in the market places, seeking out the needy instead of the
aristocracy.
3. Give practical assistance --
Do good unto all men as you have opportunity (Gal. 6:10).
4. No spirit of condescension
-- Not showing a "holier than thou" attitude, but the spirit of Elihu of
old, l also am formed of clay (Job 33:6).
5. Represent the ideals of
your native country -- Live the Christian life so that others may see your good works and glorify your Father which is in heaven (Matt. 5:16).
6. Assist toward dignity and not toward materialism -- For a man's life consisteth not in the abundance of things which he
possesseth (Luke 12:15).
Civic Responsibilities
OBEY LAWS:
Let
every soul be subject unto the higher powers. For there is no power but of God: the powers
that be are ordained of God (Rom. 13:1); Put them in mind to be subject to principalities
and powers, to obey magistrates, to be ready to every good work (Thus 3:1); Submit
yourselves to every ordinance of man for the Lord's sake: whether it be to the king, as
supreme; Or unto governors, as unto them that are
sent by him for the punishment of evildoers, and for the praise of them that do well (I
Peter 2:13, 14).
RESPECT
GOVERNMENT:
Honor
all men. Love the brotherhood. Fear God. Honor the king (1 Peter 2:17).
PAY TAXES:
Render
therefore unto Cæsar the things which are Cæsar's; and unto God the things that are
God's (Matt. 22:21).
PRAYER:
I
exhort therefore, that, first of all, supplications, prayers, intercessions, and giving of
thanks, be made for all men; For kings, and for all that are in authority; that we may
lead a quiet and peaceable life in all godliness and honesty (1 Tim. 2:1, 2); And seek the
peace of the city whither 1 have caused you to be carried away captives, and pray unto the
LORD for it: for in the peace thereof shall ye have peace (Jer. 29:7).
Acceptance
Following the path of the early
church-non-involvement-bears a cost. It has been well said that "the penalty for good
men who do not vote for good government is to live under bad government." This was a
cost the early church was willing to bear. The results of an election should not raise the
Christian's ire, for as the pre-election truism has it, "if you don't vote next
Tuesday, don't complain next Wednesday."
Conclusion
If
it be possible, as much as lieth in you, live peaceably with all men.-Romans 12:18
The Christian is to live a life that,
as a good ambassador, demonstrates Christ to the world around him, while at the same time
not becoming involved with the world -- an other-worldliness with concern for those around
us.
Pure
religion and undefiled before God, even the Father, is this, To visit the fatherless and
widows in their affliction, and to keep himself unspotted from the world.-James 1:27
Echoes from the Past
But their scribes and
Pharisees murmured against his disciples, saying, "Why do ye eat and drink with
publicans and sinners?"
And Jesus answering said unto them, "They that are whole
need not a physician; but they that are sick. I came not to call
the righteous but sinners to repentance. " -- Luke 5:30-32
Condensed from a discourse by A. L. Muir
In speaking of those that are
"righteous," our Lord was referring to those that were
"self-righteous," as represented by the scribes and Pharisees. They thought
themselves to be "whole" because of their prestigious and holy position, but
Jesus wanted to reveal to them that they were not of a condition worthy of his calling. On
the contrary, Jesus was interested in sinners who were in a repentant condition and
recognized the necessity of a savior. They would be receptive of Jesus and desirous of his
instruction.
The condition of the scribes and
Pharisees has existed all through the ages. The conditions of the current world include an
attitude of self-sufficiency, pride and intellectual independence. Scripture study can
become an intellectual challenge rather than a spiritual hungering and spiritual desire
becomes secondary or is lost entirely. When truth touches the heart, sanctification should
be the result. Truth is provided for those who seek for spiritual benefit; when truth is
used as an intellectual project, void of the true purpose, spiritual sickness results.
The Natural Man
The natural man is often alerted to a
health problem because he experiences symptoms. Some of these symptoms might be weariness
or exhaustion, indigestion, headaches, high blood pressure, infections, pain, affecting
various parts of the body. When the natural man experiences symptoms of illness, he seeks
relief from his discomfort through remedies, medications or perhaps a visit to the doctor.
An accurate diagnosis from a trained physician may be necessary before steps can be taken
to relieve the patient from the illness.
The new creature, one who is begotten
and quickened by the holy Spirit, can experience spiritual sickness. For example,
spiritual weariness may manifest itself with symptoms of preferring to be in the company
of those who are not new creatures, or with a loss of enthusiasm as a soldier of the
cross. Just as weariness is a symptom to the natural man, it should serve as a warning of
spiritual illness to the new creature. In this condition the new creature may forsake
opportunities to witness and strive less to make his calling and election sure.
Another example of sickness to the
natural man is eye infection. The eye records events that occur in life. When the natural
eye is infected and vision is impaired, the natural man suffers. Not only is pain endured,
but total life style is limited. Normal everyday functions become difficult or impossible.
In comparison, the spiritual eye of
faith records the daily experiences and lessons gained in the Christian walk to strengthen
and encourage the new creature. The spiritual eyes are able to discern the truth and allow
one to gain wisdom in daily decisions. However, if an infection occurs, spiritual loss
results and vision or understanding of the scriptures becomes limited. Ultimately, the new
creature must turn to the Great Physician for relief of spiritual illness and trust in his
overruling power for a cure.
As the loss of vision affects the
spiritual condition, so also does the loss of hearing. The hearing of faith strengthens
Christian character and increases oneness with the Lord. If a loss of hearing is
experienced, the scriptures or teachings of our Lord may not be heard properly, causing a
loss of scriptural knowledge and limited spiritual development.
Again, the heart condition also
reflects the spiritual health of the new creature. Only the Great Physician can properly
diagnose the heart condition. Just as the natural heart may need medication and\or a
change in diet, so the Great Physician provides the proper prescription for the cure of
heart illness.
Go On To Perfection
Therefore
leaving the principles of the doctrine of Christ, let us go on unto perfection; not laying
again the foundation of repentance from dead works, and of faith toward God, of the
doctrine of baptisms, and of laying on of hands, and of resurrection of the dead, and of
eternal judgment. Hebrews 6:1
When spiritual sickness is experienced,
a revival and review of those basic principles which initially brought one to the Lord is
necessary. These may be elementary doctrines or principles of truth which were applied in
past experiences. Sometimes problems of spiritual sickness are the result of negligence in
applying the scriptures to daily experiences. Rather than relearning truths, a review will
reinforce what has already been laid as a foundation of faith and the Christian is ready
to proceed to maturity by adding to this foundation of faith.
The word "repentance" in
Hebrews 6:1 means reformation. Not only is repentance involved, but an actual reformation.
In Acts 3:19, the Apostle Paul says, "Repent ye
therefore, and be converted, that your sins may be blotted out . . ." He is
referring first to repentance and then reformation. Our faith is the practical application
of repentance and reveals a reliance upon the foundation of truth as a basis of life. An
honest assessment of character must be made realigning it with the foundation.
Christ says he is the way, the truth,
and the life. By following him and feeding upon his words, Christian development
automatically develops. This is medication for the new creature in Christ. A
transformation occurs -- a reformation of character takes place and faith is aligned with
truth. The power of truth sanctifies. With the blessing of everlasting truths, proper
application provides spiritual growth and good health, allowing clearer vision and focus
on spiritual goals. By the Lord's grace the fight of faith is fought. In yielding to God
or submitting to his will-that is "leaving" (Heb. 6:1) the principles of the
doctrine of Christ-a condition of trusting in God's power, sanctification results.
Therefore, when feelings of spiritual sickness-pains, aches, infection,
weariness,-manifest themselves, go quietly before the Lord as the Great Physician and
review those truths which at one time brought the blessings of spiritual knowledge and
closeness with the Lord.
Spiritual Cleansing
Having
therefore these promises, dearly beloved, let us cleanse ourselves from all filthiness of
the flesh and spirit, perfecting holiness in the fear of God (2 Cor. 7:1); If we confess
our sins, he is faithful and just to forgive us our sins, and to cleanse us from all
unrighteouness (1 John 1: 9).
Cleanliness is associated with the
flesh in the sense that all mankind is born under the fallen condition of Adam. The new
creature manifests the new mind in a fleshly body, but if the mind becomes influenced by
the filthiness of the flesh a cleansing process is necessary through the precious blood of
Jesus.
A personal and sincere examination
determining the condition of faithfulness must be made. In recognizing faults and
confessing sins an attitude of repentance is attained. Repentance is required. With this
condition of heart, the throne of grace must be approached and a renewing of faith is
received from the Great Physician, allowing the Christian to proceed to perfection of
holiness. Fellow new creatures can assist and encourage one another with this cleansing
process by participating in studies and sharing experiences in testimony meetings.
The Healing Process
And
grieve not the holy spirit of God, whereby ye are sealed unto the day of redemption. Let all bitterness, and wrath, and anger, and
clamor, and evil speaking, be put away from
you, with all malice: And be ye kind one to another, tenderhearted, forgiving one another,
even as God for Christ's sake hath forgiven you.-Ephesians 4:30-32
A process is described in these verses.
Bitterness comes from suppression of feelings, which eventually leads to passion or wrath
controlled by this bitterness. Expression of words follows in the form of anger, and
violent words reveal the original bitterness in the form of malice. This describes a
possible practical experience of a new creature. This type of behavior belongs to the
flesh as inherited in Adam.
Likewise, upon consecrating the old man
is buried, replacing the "old man tendencies" with kindness, tenderheartedness,
and the thrill of forgiving, which is the spirit Jesus had. There is a progression in the
growth of each new creature while striving to attain perfection. The truth gathered by the
new creature sanctifies and prepares him for the inheritance of the saints.
Jesus taught his followers to pray `forgive us our debts, as we forgive our
debtors" (Matt. 6:12). Sins are forgiven to the extent that forgiveness is
offered to others. God is gracious to forgive. With recognition and confession of sin, a
spirit of compassion, sympathy, generosity, understanding, and helpfulness toward others
develops in the new creature.
Anointing
But
the anointing which ye have received of him abideth in you, and ye need not that any man
teach you: but as the same anointing teacheth you of all things, and is truth, and is no
lie, and even as it hath taught you, ye shall abide in him (1 John 2:27); The Spirit
itself beareth witness with our spirit, that we are the children of God (Rom. 8:16).
Jesus frequently went up to the mount
and left the crowds behind and sought privacy with his heavenly Father. He would spend all
night in prayer. Following this example, the new creature needs to take time to speak with
the heavenly Father in prayer and seek knowledge of him by studying his word. Time is
required to permit the child of God to learn God's word and apply it in daily experiences.
A Balanced Life
Take
my yoke upon you, and learn of me; for 1 am meek and lowly in heart: and ye shall find
rest unto your souls. For my yoke is easy, and my burden is light.- Matthew 11:29,30
This yoke may be described as a bar or
scale. When using it to carry materials, it must be perfectly balanced or the carrier will
feel awkward and fatigued, possibly causing him to stumble. The things that are burdensome
are due to imbalance; that is, untruths or influences of the world distract the new
creature from spiritual truths. Come unto me, all
ye that labour and are heavy laden, and 1 will give you rest (Matt. 11:28).
By communing with God, peace of mind is
attained. The power of truth works in the heart and mind and burdens become light when put
in proper perspective with God's plan. Through experience, the new creature appreciates
the necessity of maintaining spiritual health and learns to watch his daily affairs,
always going to the throne of grace in time of need. The
sufferings of this present time are not worthy to be compared with the glory which shall
be revealed in us (Rom. 8:18).
The Question Box
How can I determine the will of God in my life?
I seek in the beginning to get my heart
in such a state that it has no will of its own in regard to a given matter. Nine-tenths of
the difficulties are overcome when our Hearts are ready to do the Lord's will, whatever it
may be.
Having done this, I do not leave the
result to feeling or simple impression. If I do so, I make myself liable to great
delusion. I seek the will or spirit of God through, or in connection with, the Word of
God. The Spirit and the Word must be combined. If I look to the Spirit alone, without the
Word, I lay myself open to great delusions also. If the holy Spirit guides us at all, he
will do it according to the Scriptures, and never contrary to them.
Next, I take into account providential
circumstances. These often plainly indicate God's will, in connection with his Word and
his Spirit. I ask God in prayer to reveal his will to me aright. Thus, by the prayer to
God, the study of his Word, and reflection, I come to deliberate judgment according to the
best of my knowledge and opportunity, and, if my mind be thus at peace, I proceed
accordingly.
George Muller
News & Views
ANNUAL MEETING
The Board has accepted an invitation
for the 1994 Annual Meeting to be held June 4 in Gulfport, Mississippi. Further details
will be printed in the March/April News & Views section.
Members who wish to attend can write
the secretary, James Caudle, for information on accommodations.
NEW
BOOKLETS FROM ENGLAND
We have received notice from the Bible
Fellowship Union in England that two of their most popular booklets have been reprinted.
First is The Plan of God -In Brief. This is a
100-page abridged version of The Divine Plan of the
Ages, by C.T. Russell. It is pocket sized and handy to carry.
The second booklet is Future Probation in Christian Belief, by A.O.
Hudson. This 80-page booklet examines the historical Christian belief in a future time of
judgment incorporating a resurrection and trial period. It is a scholarly treatise and can
be used effectively to show that the historical position of the church favored a
millennium during which man will learn righteousness.
The Institute has received a limited
supply of these two booklets. They may be ordered by writing the Institute secretary.
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION
The International Convention of Bible
Students will be held from August 7-11, 1994, in Poitiers, France.
The cost for three meals plus room with
private bath at the convention hotel will be about $55 (U.S.) per person per day. Anyone
interested in attending the convention should write now for information to: International
Convention of Bible Students, 1425 Lachman Lane, Pacific Palisades, CA 90272
LETTERS FROM OUR READERS
I'm sending along a couple of articles
that may interest you. The first, "The Palestinisation of Jesus," speaks of
Canon Naim Ateek of Jerusalem. He is also referred to in the July-August issue. (Editor's Note: the article referred to was quoted
as claiming Jesus was not Jewish but Palestinian-please see July / August issue).
Our son is married to a Palestinian
girl from Jerusalem and Naim Ateek officiated at their marriage. They gave me a copy of
his book, "Justice, and Only Justice," a couple of years ago and I hadn't read
it until I received the enclosed article. I had always wondered how the Palestinian
Christians accepted Jesus, since he was a Jew, but that isn't their belief. I've not
entered into discussions with our daughter-in-law about the Israeli-Arab situation,
because it's a very touchy subject and I wouldn't want to cause any friction or hurt her
feelings in any way. She has become more outspoken about her thoughts on the Israelis and,
of course, they are very negative. I wonder how that situation will be resolved there and
with the recent developments, I watch the papers with great interest. Our Heavenly Father
will work out his plans and purposes in His own way, we can be assured of that.
I look forward to receiving the Herald
and have very much appreciated the articles. I especially enjoyed "The Easy
Yoke" in the March-April issue, written by my uncle, Stuart Sowers. I have very fond
memories of him and it was touching to read comments from two sisters in the July-August
issue and their remembrances of him. He was a very special person.
(Linda Veach)
AROUND THE WORLD
Medicine
Scientists at the George Washington
University Medical Center have cloned human embryos successfully. Many bioethicists are
determined to minimize the significance of this once hotly-debated topic. They reason that
if society already allows eggs and sperm to be bought and sold; in vitro fertilization;
surrogate motherhood; freezing and storage of embryos for later implantation, then why
should it balk at cloning. Cloning puts back on society's agenda what bioethics has set
aside: Where is science and medicine taking humanity?
(New York Times, 10/30/93)
Christendom
The Southern Baptist Convention
recently published a county-by-county estimate in Alabama which indicated that 46.1
percent of the populous is in danger of "going to hell." The report applied the
traditional Baptist view that members of non-Christian religions are not saved. The report
also indicated that virtually everyone not belonging to a church congregation is counted
among the lost. The estimates of the unsaved from other sects were based on how closely
those groups' beliefs matched Southern Baptist doctrine. That means that more Methodists
are counted among the saved than are Roman Catholics.
(Associated Press, 9/19/93)
A Virginia reporter has accused Pat
Robertson's Christian Broadcasting Network (CBN) ministry of a conflict of interest. CBN
spent $2.8 million of funds on a for-profit vitamin and cosmetics company in which
Robertson owns half the stock. The company sells Sea of Galilee cosmetics and the American
Whey nutritional drink.
(Washington
Post, 9/20/93)
Israel and the Middle East
EDITOR'S
COMMENT: Because events change quickly in Israel, news events about the peace process
is outdated quickly. Therefore, articles quoted are not on events themselves, but on
subtle changes which occur that may help link events to prophecy. We lead off in this
issue with a list of the modern equivalent of the Arab nations listed in Psalm 83. Many
Bible students believe that this psalm is a summary of the ongoing conflict between the
descendants of Isaac and the descendants of Ishmael. There is some debate about the
settlement of the conflict between these two groups because Ezekiel 38--the definitive
presentation of the final conflict of Israel-omits any reference to Arabic peoples.
Psalm 83 Name
Modern Nation
1. Assur
1. Iraq
2. Hagarenes
2. Egypt (?)
3. Tyre
3. Syria
4. Gebal
4. Lebanon
5. Moab
5. Jordan
6. Ammon
6. Saudi Arabia
7. Edom
7. Kuwait
8. Amalek
8. Qatar
9.
Ishmaelites
9. United Arab Emirates
10.
Philistines
10. Bahrain
All ten nations listed occupy part of
the old Roman Empire. In fact, these territories overlapped parts of empires of Babylon,
Persia, Greece, and Rome. Excluded from the overlapping territories are the modern nations
of Yemen, Oman, and Iran. Today's Palestinians form a majority in three of the countries
in the list: Syria, Lebanon and Jordan.
(Christadelphian Watchman,
10/93)
Iraq
News of Iran's continuing arms buildup
comes almost daily. North Korea delivers Scud missiles, and other weapons come in from
China and the former Russian republics. In the region of the Red Sea, the alignment
between Libya, Ethiopia, Iran, and Sudan has added significantly to the threats faced by
Egypt.
(The Intelligence Digest)
EDITORS
COMMENT: Note Ezekiel 38:5: "Persia (Iran), Cush (Upper Nile Region, including
Ethiopia and Sudan) and Put (Libya) will be with them, all with shields and helmets."
Each of these nations appears in the period of "Jacob's Trouble" as part of the
alliance hostile to Israel.
The Palestinians
Arafat may have decided to make the
appropriate peace gestures toward Israel-for now-in order to gain a foothold in the
occupied territories, new funding (this time from the West), and a new chance to continue
his 40-year war against Israel.
(Time, 9/13/93)
This should not be interpreted as
(God's) dislike of the Palestinians. On the contrary, the Palestinian Arabs are also
people of the Bible and God has explicitly set aside a land for them too. He has promised
them the land of "Moab and Ammon"-present day Jordan (Deut. 2:4,5; Johua 24:4).
("Peace in the Middle
East!" by Richard Kindig)
Russian
Jews
Israel has taken in more than a half
million Russian Jews in the last several years. This would be similar to the United States
taking in more than 30 million immigrants in a few years. Uri Gordon, head of the Aliyah
(immigration of Jews to Israel) Department of the Jewish Agency, recently wrote an article
entitled "It's Time for Every Jew to Come Home to Israel." In the article he
states, "There remains just one large pocket of Diaspora (Jews in dispersion) left:
the North American continent." He has called for those Jews to come home. He
envisions a Jewish population in the State of Israel of seven to eight million in the near
future, contending that North American Jews cannot support Israel from afar.
(Israel My Glory,
October/November, 1993)
Book
Review
The first book
review that appeared in News and Views was The
Making of a Tradition, an examination of the development of the doctrine of Trinity.
That book showed how avoiding the historical elements of the development of a concept can
lead to confusion and error. In this book review, I highlight another doctrine in
Christian belief-the existence of a personal being known as the Devil.
Satan, The Early Christian Tradition, by
Jeffrey Burton Russell, is the second book of three on the subject of belief in the
personality of an evil spiritual being. The first of the series is The Devil, Perceptions of Evil from Antiquity to
Primitive Christianity. The third is
Mephistopheles, The Devil in the Modern World. This second book in the series is the
most useful for Bible students because it focuses on the development of thought about
Satan during the period when the New Testament was being written.
In recent
years there has been a growing trend for non-fundamental Christians to express doubt about
the existence of the Devil. The purpose of Russell's book is to document the development
of the concept of the Devil in early Christian thought. Why is that important? As Russell
says:
"The
history of concepts argues that a phenomenon such as the Devil is best defined through its
history. The Devil is the tradition of what he has been thought to be . . . The Devil is
the personification of the principle of evil. Some religions have viewed him as a being
independent of the good Lord, others as being created by him. Either way, the Devil is not
a mere demon, a petty and limited spirit, but the sentient personification of the force of
evil itself, willing and directing evil... What history shows is the concept of the Devil,
a coherent historical development growing from pre-biblical roots through Hebrew and
Christian thought to the present. The essential point of this tradition is that the Devil
is a Satan, an "obstructor" of the will of the good Lord. Satan's basic function
is to say "My will, not yours, be done." . . . To deny the existence and central
importance of the Devil in Christianity is to run counter to apostolic teaching and to the
historical development of Christian doctrine .... If the Devil does not exist, then
Christianity has been dead wrong on a central point right from the beginning."
Russell draws
extensively on earlier literature, but has much original research. In his foreword he
describes changes in his own beliefs as a result of his research. For example, he says
that at one time he tried to distinguish too sharply between theology and history. Now he
admits that theology cannot be expressed independently of history. This is important for
all students of the Bible. Whether it is our own movement's history or the history of the
development of major doctrines, we must be aware of the events and arguments shaped our
ideas. That is the best way to deal with the doubts of many who no longer see the
importance of those ideas, or those who question the validity of beliefs.
Importantly,
following his extensive study and analysis of the historical development of views
regarding the Devil, Russell concludes, "I am still inclined to believe that the
Devil exists and that his works are painfully manifest among us."
The book is a
valuable addition to all Christian libraries. It is published by Cornell University Press
and is available in bookstores with large religious sections.
Which
Mountain Will You Move?
Matthew
17:20-If ye have faith as a grain of mustard seed,
ye shall say unto this mountain, Remove
hence to yonder place, and it shaft remove; and
nothing shaft be impossible unto you.
Here three of Jesus' disciples had just
descended from the Mount of Transfiguration where
they had witnessed a picture of Christ's kingdom, seeing, in vision, Jesus in discussion
with Moses and Elijah. They found the other disciples at the base of the mountain unable
to cast out a demon from a young boy. They wondered why they could not do so. Jesus said
it would take faith-like a grain of mustard seed--and they could move the power of this mountain-the Mount of Transfiguration, the
kingdom--to "yonder place," where the
child was now, and they could accomplish the miracle.
Mark
11:23-For verily I say unto you, That whosoever
shall say unto this mountain, Be thou
removed, and be thou cast into the sea; and shall not doubt in his heart, but shall
believe that these things which he saith shall come to pass; he shall have whatsoever he
saith.
In this instance, Jesus and his
disciples are on the side of another mountain, the
Mount of Olives, where Jesus had shortly before cursed the fig tree. This miracle
represented the casting off of the nation of Israel. Like all other prophecies it required
faith to believe in the fulfillment of an action yet in the future. So today there are
many Bible prophecies still unfulfilled. If we have faith as a grain of mustard
seed--infinitesimally small--we can believe that not only the judgment of Israel, but all
of God's prophecies--those of blessings as well as those of judgment--will come to pass.
Luke
17:6 And the Lord said, If ye had faith as a
grain of mustard seed, ye might say unto this
sycamine tree, Be thou plucked up by the root, and be thou planted in the sea; and it
should obey you.
Here we find Jesus outside the house of
a Pharisee. There was no mountain to point to, so he pointed to a nearby sycamine, or mulberry tree. His lesson had been
forgiveness, even as often as seven times in one day. His disciples' response was, Lord, increase our faith. Pointing to the sycamine
tree he uttered these words. The sycamine tree has the unique quality that when a branch
is cut another grows very quickly in its place. The lesson was that if they were
cut-offended-by the words of another, they should forgive and God would quickly heal the
wound, and new blessings would branch out in the place of the wound.
Which
mountain will you move? Or will you find mountains of your own that faith can move?
Mountains of fear, mountains of doubt, mountains within, mountains without, whatever your
mountain, YOU CAN MOVE IT if you only have
Faith As A
Grain Of Mustard Seed!
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